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CD44在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其临床意义

发表时间:2010-10-09  浏览次数:422次

  作者:段波, 赵红洋 李新建 涂汉军 作者单位:郧阳医学院附属太和医院神经外科,湖北 十堰 442000

  【摘要】 目的:研究垂体腺瘤(pituitary adenoma)中细胞粘附分子(CD44)的表达,探讨CD44对垂体腺瘤诊断及预后意义。方法:用免疫组化(SP)的方法检测20例侵袭性垂体腺瘤,18例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤,6例复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5蛋白的表达。结果: 20例侵袭性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5阳性率分别为75%、35%,18例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5阳性率分别为27.8%、22.2%,6例复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5阳性率分别为100%、66.7%。CD44s在侵袭性垂体腺瘤及复发性垂体腺瘤中的阳性表达率均明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤,其差异具有显著性(P<0.01),CD44v5在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达率均较低,无显著性差异(P>0.05),但在复发性垂体腺瘤中有较高表达率。结论:CD44s在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中呈高表达,与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长有关,在垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长过程中起重要作用,有可能作为侵袭性垂体腺瘤的一个诊断指标。CD44v5在垂体腺瘤中的表达较低,与垂体腺瘤生长方式无关。复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5的高表达表明其预后较差。

  【关键词】 垂体腺瘤

  Expression of CD44 in pituitary adenoma and its clinical significance DUAN Bo1, ZHAO Hong-yang2 , LI Xin-jian1, et al (1Department of Neurosurgery,Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Xiehe Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Whuhan, Hubei 430064, China)

  Absract:Objective To study the expression of CD44 in pituitary adenoma and investigate its diagnostic and prognostic significance of CD44 in pituitary adenoma.Methods Expression of CD44s and CD44v5 were detected in human surgically resected samples of pituitary adenoma(20 invasive、18 non-invasive and 6 recurrent pituitary adenoma), using S-P immunohistchemical staining method. Result The positive staining rates of CD44s and CD44v5 were 75%、35% respectively in 20 invasive pituitary adenomas.The positive staining rates of CD44s and CD44v5 were 27.8%、22.2% respectively in 18 non-invasive pituitary adenomas.The positive staining rates of CD44s and CD44v5 100%、66.7% in 6 recurrent pituitary adenoma respectively. The positive staining rate of CD44s are significantly higher in invasive and recurrent pituitary adenoma than in non-invasive pituitary adenoma(P<0.01).Low levels of CD44v5 expression were observed in both invasive and non-invasive pituitary tumor and there was no significant difference. Conclusion The results suggest that higher expressions of CD44s in invasive pituitary adenoma were correlated with pituitary adenoma invasiveness,CD44s may play an important role in invasive pituitary adenoma and can be used for diagnosis of invasive pituitary. Lower expression of CD44v5 in pituitary adenoma was not related with invasiveness of pituitary adenoma.While the higher expression of CD44s and CD44v5 show the poor prognosis of recurrent pituitary adenoma.

  Key word:Pituitary adenoma; CD44; Invasive pituitary adenoma; Non-invasive pituitary adenoma; Recurrent pituitary adenoma

  细胞粘附分子CD44是一种与肿瘤侵袭及转移密切相关的跨膜糖蛋白,能介导细胞与细胞,细胞与细胞外间质的特异性粘连。目前的研究已证实在大多数肿瘤中都有CD44蛋白的表达[1],但对垂体腺瘤中CD44蛋白的表达情况少见报道。本文通过检测细胞粘附分子CD44s、CD44v5在垂体腺瘤中的表达,探讨他们对垂体腺瘤生长及预后的意义。

  1 材料与方法

  1.1 临床资料收集自2000~2004年华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经外科手术切除并经病理学证实的垂体腺瘤标本44例。男性21例,女性17例,平均49岁。根据以下三条分为侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤[2]:①术前患者头部MRI;②术中所见有无蝶鞍骨质破坏;③有无硬脑膜侵犯。其中20例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,MRI显示肿瘤侵犯海绵窦及临近结构、术中可见蝶鞍骨质破坏、鞍底硬膜侵犯;18例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤;6例为复发性垂体腺瘤。

  1.2 试剂和方法CD44s、CD44v5单克隆抗体及即用型链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化酶(S-P)免疫组化染色超敏试剂盒,DAB显色试剂盒均购自福建迈新生物工程技术公司。免疫组化染色参照其说明书进行:石蜡标本5 μm厚连续切片,常规脱蜡和水化后,分别用过氧化氢酶和动物血清处理10 min。与CD44s、CD44v5单克隆抗体4 ℃过夜。二抗温育20 min,DAB显色5 min,苏木素衬染,各步骤间均以PBS洗片。

  1.3 结果判断CD44s、CD44v5阳性细胞定位于细胞膜,表现为细胞膜呈黄色或棕黄色,部分细胞浆染色。每张切片均在×400显微镜下观察,连续观察5个高倍视野,各记数100个细胞取其平均值,以百分数表示,阳性细胞数>30%定为强阳性(++),<30%定为弱阳性(+),未见阳性细胞定为阴性(-)。

  1.4 统计学处理采用卡方检验,P<0.05为统计学有显著意义。

  2 结果

  CD44s在侵袭性及复发性垂体腺瘤中,阳性细胞染色较深,阳性细胞数多,且较集中。而非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中阳性细胞染色浅,阳性细胞数较少,分散(图1~3,见封二)。CD44v5在各组中阳性细胞数均较少,染色浅(图4~6,见封二)。20例侵袭性垂体腺瘤中CD44s阳性染色15例,CD44v5阳性染色7例。18例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中,CD44s阳性染色5例,CD44v5阳性染色4例。在复发的6例垂体腺瘤中,CD44s均为阳性,CD44v5阳性染色4例。在侵袭组和非侵袭组CD44s蛋白阳性表达具有显著性差异(P<0.01),CD44v5蛋白阳性表达无显著性差异(P>0.05),而在复发组CD44s、 CD44v5均呈高表达,见表1。表1 CD44s、 CD44v5在垂体腺瘤中的表达

  3 讨论

  细胞粘附分子是一类与肿瘤侵袭与转移有关的跨膜糖蛋白,CD44属于细胞粘附分子家族中的一员,广泛分布于细胞表面,主要参与细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质间特异性粘连过程,是细胞外基质成分透明质酸盐的主要受体[3]。肿瘤细胞通过胞膜的CD44蛋白与透明质酸酶结合,铆定在胞外基质或基底膜上,促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭[4,5]。CD44基因根据外显子的不同编码两种类型的CD44蛋白[3]:标准型CD44(CD44s)和变异型CD44(CD44v),CD44v有10个变异性拼接外显子,分别为CD44v1~10。这两种类型的CD44蛋白在肿瘤中所起作用不同, CD44s与肿瘤的侵袭性生长有关,而CD44v与多种肿瘤的转移有关[6]。CD44蛋白的两种形式在人类多种肿瘤细胞中均有表达,但在中枢神经系统的肿瘤中仅特异性表达CD44s,这与中枢神经系统肿瘤很少发生颅外转移有密切关系[3,7]。CD44在垂体腺瘤中的表达尚未见报道,本文通过免疫组化的方法检测CD44s、CD44v5在垂体腺瘤中的表达,结果表明CD44s在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤,二者之间的差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。CD44v5在两组中的表达率均较低,二者之间无显著性差异。在复发的垂体腺瘤组CD44s、CD44v5均呈高表达。由此推测,表达 CD44s的垂体腺瘤具有较强的侵袭性,表现为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,因此CD44s可能作为侵袭性垂体腺瘤的生物学标志。CD44v5在垂体腺瘤中的表达较低,可能与垂体腺瘤很少发生颅内或颅外转移有关。在复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s和CD44v5均呈高表达,说明表达CD44s的肿瘤容易复发,这与CD44s阳性的垂体腺瘤多为侵袭性肿瘤,难以手术全切而易于复发有关。但CD44v5的高度表达是否说明复发的肿瘤获得了向远处转移的能力,在这一方面的研究还需进一步深入。CD44在肿瘤细胞中的特异性表达,可以作为诊断肿瘤的一个分子生物学标记[8]。CD44s可以提高侵袭性垂体腺瘤诊断的准确性,同时也表明CD44s和CD44v5阳性的肿瘤易于复发,预后较差。综上可知,细胞粘附分子CD44与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长有关,在垂体腺瘤的诊断及判断预后方面具有重要意义。

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