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《心血管病学》

切断迷走神经和减压神经对胸部火器伤心血管功能效应

发表时间:2011-06-15  浏览次数:394次

  作者: 陶登顺,刘维永,蔡建辉,李宏,李同勋,郭建军,安书杰

  作者单位: (1沈阳军区总医院心脏外科,辽宁 沈阳 110016, 2第四军医大学西京医院心血管外科中心,陕西 西安 710033)

  【关键词】 创伤,枪击,胸部损伤,心血管生理学,迷走神经,减压神经

  Effects of severing vagus nerve and depressor nerve on cardiovascular function in firearm thoracic woundTAO DengShun, LIU WeiYong, CAI JianHui, LI Hong, LI TongXun, GUO JianJun, AN ShuJie1Department of Cardiac Surgery, General Hospital, Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang 110016, China, 2Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China

  【Abstract】 AIM: To make clear instantaneous and incipient cardiovascular effects of firearm thoracic wound. METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, A: Model group; B: Severing of vagus nerve; C: Severing of depressor nerve. Animals were ligated the number 68 intercostal artery before wound. We severed the double vagus nerve in group B, and depressor nerve in group C. The animals was wounded in the same way of part one. The artery pressure, vein pressure, heart rate, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax were monitored continuously. RESULTS: In group A, the artery pressure ascended immediately after wound, amount to 1.47±0.09 times of normal; then descended to 0.48±0.06 times of normal and stabled. The heart rate descended immediately and recovered slowly. The LVSP and heart rate descended immediately, but recovered very slowly. The changes of artery pressure ingroup B and C was smaller, and there were not obviously changes of heart rates. CONCLUSION: Blood pressure descends, heart rate is slow, myocardium withholds and LVSP descends in a few seconds after wound. They are related to the reflection of vagus nerve. It can block and relieve forenamed variety by disbranching vagus nerve and depressor nerve.

  【Keywords】 wounds, gunshot; thoracic injuries; caroliovascular physiology; vagus nerve; depressor nerve

  【摘要】 目的: 探讨胸部火器伤瞬时及早期心血管效应的神经机制. 方法: 18只家兔随机平分为3组, A组: 模型组; B组: 迷走神经切断组; C组: 减压神经切断组. 分别用小口径步枪致伤,连续监测枪伤瞬间及早期心血管反应. 结果: A组家兔枪伤瞬间血压即刻均呈单波峰升高,达伤前的1.47±0.09倍,而后迅速降低至伤前的0.48±0.06倍,1 min后回升至伤前的0.80±0.07倍,并逐渐稳定. 心率、左室内压和±dp/dtmax出现瞬时下降且恢复缓慢. B组枪伤瞬间血压变化幅度较小,恢复较快. 心率无瞬时下降. C组枪击瞬间出现血压降低,幅度较A组小,心率变化与B组相似. 结论: 胸部枪伤后数秒内血压下降、心动过缓,心肌受抑制和左室内压下降与迷走神经反射有关. 切断迷走神经和减压神经可以阻断或减轻上述变化.

  0  引言

  我们对胸部枪伤的心血管效应做了观察,发现胸部火器伤后瞬时的心血管效应可能与神经反射有关[1-4]. 本实验用预扎肋间动脉实验模型及切断迷走神经、减压神经法研究胸部火器伤瞬时及早期心血管效应,探讨瞬时及早期心血管效应的神经机制.

  1  材料和方法

  1.1  材料

  健康家兔18只,雌雄不拘,体质量(2.75±0.25) kg,由西京医院实验外科提供. 随机分3组(n=6). A组: 胸部贯穿伤(模型组);B组: 迷走神经切断致伤组;C组: 减压神经切断致伤组.

  1.2  方法

  家兔经3 g/L戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg) iv麻醉后,行左心室、颈外静脉、股动脉插管及置心电图导线,连接八道生理记录仪连续监测致伤前后动脉压、心率、左室内压及±dp/dtmax. 动物左侧卧位,用5.56 mm小口径步枪(子弹质量2.57 g,初速350 m/s,距离10 m)以右下胸部第5肋间,距正中线1 cm为靶点致伤[1-3],家兔致伤前于脊柱旁预扎伤侧第6~8肋间血管,B组加双侧迷走神经切断,C组加双侧减压神经切断并剥离颈动脉窦周围神经用乙醇处理. 取样时间点: 伤前5 min、伤后即刻、0.1, 5, 30, 60和120 min.

  统计学处理: 实验结果以x±s表示,采用方差分析,两两比较采用t检验.

  2  结果

  2.1  动脉压变化A组射击瞬间血压上升最高达伤前(1.47±0.09)倍,平均升高(6.54±1.15) kPa. 然后立即下降, 10 s下降到最低点,30 s左右回升,1 min回升至伤前的(0.80±0.07)倍(80%), 后稍下降而趋稳定. B和C组瞬间的血压变化幅度均较A组小(P<0.05, Tab 1).表1家兔胸部枪伤后动脉收缩压变化略()

  2.2  心率变化

  A组致伤即刻心率减慢,然后逐渐恢复,30 s心率恢复到伤前的90%,B, C组伤后心率无明显变化(Tab 2).表2家兔胸部枪伤后心率变化(略)

  2.3  左室内压及±dp/dtmax变化

  A组左室内压在致伤瞬间1~2个心脏搏动后开始迅速下降,10 s降到最低点,然后逐渐恢复,30 min后与伤前比较无显著差异. B, C组的瞬时变化较A组小,且恢复快 (Tab 3).表3家兔胸部火器伤后左室内压及±dp/dtmax变化(略)

  3  讨论

  模型组胸部枪伤后瞬间血压即刻均呈单波峰升高,数秒内血压下降、心动过缓、心肌受抑制和左室内压及±dp/dtmax下降,而中心静脉压尚正常[1-4]. B组血压下降较A组小,无心率减慢,左室内压和±dp/dtmax下降较A组小,提示枪伤单峰波后瞬时和早期的心血管效应与迷走反射有关. C组变化幅度较小,无心率减慢,提示减压神经传导参与了反射过程[6,7]. 枪伤后瞬间的心血管效应有可能是由于即刻的血压升高冲动传入主动脉弓和颈动脉窦的压力感受器所诱发,通过减压神经的传入引起迷走神经兴奋,数秒钟内出现血压下降、心动过缓,心肌受抑制和左室内压及±dp/dtmax下降. 压力感受性反射对血压和心率的调控,并不全部来自主动脉弓和颈动脉窦的压力感受器,心肺反射和其他各大动脉存在的压力感受器也部分地参与调节,所以迷走神经切断组和减压神经切断组在枪伤瞬间变化并不完全一致[5,8,9].

  胸部枪伤早期的血流动力学监测还发现,伤后各组血压下降后均未恢复到伤前水平,以A, B组更明显,提示这类创伤反应除与失血有关外,尚可能有体液因子起作用[10,11].

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