非梗死相关导联ST段压低预测AMI再灌注治疗长期预后的价值
发表时间:2010-04-15 浏览次数:477次
作者:冯生杰 杨旭 许桂枝 张希勇 张宏涛
作者单位: 450007 河南郑州 解放军第460医院心内科
【摘要】目的探讨持续性非梗死相关导联(NIRL)ST段压低对AMI再灌注治疗长期预后的价值。方法根据183例AMI溶栓和(或)PCI术后冠脉再灌注后有无NIRL持续性ST 段压低情况,将患者分为两组:组1:持续性ST段压低组54例;组2:一过性ST段压低或无ST段压低组129例。分析NIRL持续性ST段压低对AMI 再灌注后12~50个月(平均26个月)的心血管事件发生率(心绞痛、AMI、PCI术、冠脉搭桥)、死亡率及生存率的影响。结果持续性的ST 段压低组与一过性ST段压低或无ST段压低组心血管事件发生率分别为:心绞痛40.7%与12.4%;AMI 22.5%与4.7%;PCI 18.5%与6.2%;冠脉搭桥5.6%与1.6%(P=0.0001)。总死亡率分别为38.9%与11.6%(P=0.0001)。生存率分别为:59.6%与87.7%(P=0.0001)。结论AMI患者再灌注后NIRL持续性ST段压低者,心血管事件发生率高、死亡率高、生存率低,它是预测AMI患者再灌注治疗长期预后的重要指标,它对临床确定AMI再灌注治疗后患者近期和远期的疾病转归具有潜在的重要价值。
关键词:ST段压低心电图;急性心肌梗死;冠脉再灌注治疗预后
Predict on long-term prognosis of persistent ST-segment depression in non-infarct-related-leads after reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction
Feng Shengjie,Yang Xu,Xu Guizhi,et al.
The 460th Hospital of PLA,Zhengzhou 450007.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate long-term prognosis of ST-segment depression in non-infarct-related-leads (NIRL) in patients who received reperfusion therapy after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods183 consecutive patients who were admitted with AMI and underwent reperfusion therapy were evaluated.Patients were followed up for an average of 26 months(12~50 months) and were classified 2 groups: group 1 had 54 patients with persistent ST-segment depression,and group 2 included 129 patients with transient or without ST-segment depression.Cardiovascular events and deaths rates were analyzed.ResultsGroup 1 had significantly worse long-term prognosis versus group 2. Cardiovascular events of group 1 versus 2 were respectively:angina:40.7% VS 12.4%,AMI:22.5% VS 4.7%; PCI:18.5% VS 6.2%,CABG:5.6% VS 1.6%(P=0.0001).Total mortality of group 1 VS group 2 were respectively 38.9% VS 12.6%(P=0.0001). Survival probability of group 1 VS group 2 were respectively 59.6% VS 87.7%(P=0.0001).ConclusionIt is worse long-term prognosis that NIRL persistent ST-segment depression in patients who received reperfusion therapy after AMI.
Key wordsST-segment depressionelectrocardiographyacute myocardial infarctioncoronary reperfusiontherapyprognosis
非梗死相关导联(non infarction related leads,NIRL)ST段压低在急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者中常见。其预后意义文献多有报道[1~4]。但AMI经静脉溶栓或经皮冠脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗等再灌注治疗后ST段压低的预后意义仍罕见报道。本文研究了初次AMI患者冠脉再灌注治疗后持续性NIRL ST段压低的患者183例,以探讨其远期预后的价值。
1资料与方法
1.1病例选择顺序选择1998年1月~2003年12月AMI住院的尿激酶静脉溶栓和(或)PCI后冠脉再灌注患者183例,其中,男159例,女24例;平均年龄(55.8±12.6)岁。纳入标准:(1)年龄<70岁;(2)典型心绞痛伴心电图相邻两导联ST段抬高;(3)血清CK-MB>2倍正常值;(4)无活动性出血、近期外伤手术、未经控制的高血压、对升压药无反应的心源性休克等溶栓禁忌证;(5)起病到溶栓开始时间<6h。排除标准:(1)无完整心电图记录;(2)以前患AMI;(3)三度房室传导阻滞及室内传导异常;(4)电解质紊乱等。
1.2冠脉再灌注方法及标准采用尿激酶静脉溶栓和(或)PCI方法达到梗死相关血管再灌注。纳入患者根据年龄、体重、病情轻重及起病到溶栓开始时间的不同,酌情给予尿激酶100~150万u静脉注射,90~120min后行冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG),采用TIMI血流分级判断冠脉再灌注情况,0、1级者为未灌注,2、3级者为再灌注。根据CAG结果、梗死相关冠脉(infarction related artery,IRA)是否再灌注、再灌注后冠脉狭窄程度及临床情况决定是否行PTCA(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)及支架术(非梗死相关动脉PCI者除外)。冠脉残留狭窄<30%、无冠脉紧急事件(AMI、冠脉搭桥及猝死)者为PCI成功。
1.3心电图检查及分组测量入院时及出院前心电图ST段偏移情况,确定是否存在两个以上NIRL至少>0.1mV的ST段压低(测量J点后80mV)。根据入院时及出院前有无持续性NIRL ST段压低情况,将纳入患者分为:组1:持续性ST段压低54例;组2:一过性ST段压低或无ST段压低129例。
1.4随访本组患者随访12~50个月,平均26个月,失访10例,随访率94.8%。
在住院期内,主要观察CK-MB水平、冠脉梗死部位、再灌注率、心血管事件(再发心绞痛、再发AMI、PCI、冠脉搭桥及猝死)发生率等。远期随访主要通过门诊及信访了解患者心血管事件(再发心绞痛、再发AMI、PCI、冠脉搭桥)发生率及猝死率等情况。
1.5统计学方法率的比较采用χ2检验,均数比较采用t检验,生存率比较用Kaplan-Meier法,相关因素分析采用多因素回归分析法。
2结果
2.1住院期间各组基本临床特征比较见表1。表1显示,两组在年龄、性别、危险因素、CK-MB峰值、梗死部位、冠脉病变支数、PCI术、住院天数等方面差异无显著性,而NIRL持续性ST段压低组在NYHA≥Ⅱ级、LVEF<40%、住院病死率等方面较组2差异有显著性(P=0.0001)。
表1各组基本临床特征比较(略)
2.2长期随访结果
2.2.1心血管事件发生率比较见表2。
表2各组心血管事件发生率比较(略)
由表2可以看出,NIRL持续性ST段压低组心血管事件发生率较一过性ST段压低和无ST段压低组明显增高(P=0.0001)。
2.2.2死亡原因及死亡率比较见表3。由表3可以看出,NIRL持续性ST段压低组的死亡率较一过性ST段压低和无ST段压低组明显增高(P=0.0001)。
表3死亡原因及死亡率比较(略)
2.2.3各组生存率比较见图1。
图1各组生存曲线(略)
3讨论
人们研究显示:AMI患者中,伴有ST段压低者(尤其是胸前导联)比无ST段压低者梗死面积大,缺血发生率高,LVEF低,心血管事件发生率高,病死率高[1~5],其病理机制包括左前降支冠脉病变[6];心肌损伤扩展到后侧壁[7,8]或远端缺血[9]。另有学者研究发现:心血管事件发生率高,LVEF低与胸前导联ST段压低(甚至在冠脉再灌注后)密切相关[10,11,13~15];前壁或下壁NIRL ST段压低反应梗死面积大,住院病死率高,对预后有重要的意义[12,19~21]。
笔者对AMI溶栓和(或)PCI术后冠脉再灌注患者NIRL持续性ST段压低的长期预后(12~50个月)进行了研究,结果显示:AMI溶栓和(或)PCI术后冠脉再灌注后,NIRL持续性ST段压低患者比一过性ST段压低或无ST段压低患者,心血管事件发生率高、病死率高、生存率低。进一步证明AMI患者NIRL ST段压低并非是以前学者提出的ST段抬高的镜影反射[16~18]的观点,而是AMI患者预后不良的标志。笔者必须提高警惕,严密观察,积极治疗。
因此,NIRL持续性ST段压低,不仅是AMI患者预后不良的标志,而且也是预测AMI患者再灌注治疗后预后的重要指标,它对临床上确定AMI患者近期和远期疾病转归具有潜在的重要价值。
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