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《呼吸病学》

拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效观察

发表时间:2010-10-13  浏览次数:364次

  作者:焦克岗,戴月梅,孙峰 作者单位:新疆医科大学第一附属医院呼吸科,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

  【摘要】 目的:分析拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法:36例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者每天给予拓扑替康2 mg静滴,连续4~6 d,第1天加用顺铂70 mg/m2,21 d为一周期,评价患者症状改善情况和1、2年生存率及药物毒副反应。结果: 36例患者完全缓解 1例,部分缓解13例,总有效率达38.9%。除2例尚存活外,34例已死亡,存活3~28个月,平均16~21个月,1、2年生存率分别为47.2%、13.9%。毒副反应的发生率为69.4%,其中胃肠道反应占44.4%,白细胞下降占41.7%。结论: 拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌具有较好的疗效,毒副反应可以耐受。

  【关键词】 拓扑替康;顺铂;化疗;非小细胞肺癌

  An observation on shortterm effect of the combination of topotecan and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer

  JIAO Kegang,DAI Yuemai,SUN feng

  (Department of Respiration ,First Affiliated Hospital,Xinjiang Medical University,

  Urumqi 830054, China)

  Abstract:Objective:To analyze the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of topotecan and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Thirtysix patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer were enrolled into the study, the patients received topotecan (intravenous) 2 mg daily for 4~6 days and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, 21day for each cycle. At last we evaluated the improvement of symptoms, the 1 or 2year survival rate and the adverse effects of drugs. Results: The overall response rate in the group was 38.9%, 1 patient had complete response (CR), 13 patients had partial response (PR). 2 patients were survival, 34 patients were dead, they had lived 3~28 months, the median survival time of 16~21 months. The 1 or 2year survival rates were 47.2% and 13.9%, respectively. The occurrence rate of toxicities were 69.4%; the disorders in gastrointestinal aspects account for 44.4%, leukopenia account for 41.7%. Conclusion: The combination of topotecan and cisplatin is effective and welltolerated in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

  Key words: topotecan; cisplatin; chemotherapy; nonsmall cell lung cancer

  近年来肺癌发病率有逐年递增的趋势,每年全世界新增肺癌患者有100多万,且大多数患者为不宜手术的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者[1]。临床研究表明以顺铂为基础的联合化疗方案对大多数肺癌患者有较好的疗效[2,3]。目前顺铂与诺维本联合是非小细胞肺癌最有效率的治疗方案之一。新药拓扑替康(Topotecan)属喜树碱的衍生物,和诺维本同属生物碱类药物,其治疗复发小细胞肺癌的疗效较为肯定[4,5],治疗非小细胞肺癌也有很高的反应率[6~8]。我科1997~2004年联合应用拓扑替康和顺铂治疗36例非小细胞肺癌患者,疗效较好,现报道如下。

  1资料与方法

  1.1临床资料

  本组36例非小细胞肺癌均经组织学或细胞学检查证实,男性26例,女性10例,年龄36~63岁,平均(52.5+11.8)岁。病理分类:腺癌13例,鳞、腺混合癌4例,鳞状细胞癌19例。WHO肺癌的TNM分期:Ⅲ期23例,Ⅳ期13例。初治12例,复治24例。病变均限于胸腔,无远处转移,全身情况及心肺功能好,生存质量行为状态评分(KPS)>70分。

  1.2治疗方法

  所有患者均给予拓扑替康2 mg/d,静脉滴注持续30 min,连续4~6 d,第21天重复,每人每疗程拓扑替康总量20 mg,第1天顺铂70 mg/m2静脉持续滴注,同时配合水化。化疗后3周评价患者症状改善情况及生存质量,休息4周后再重复上述方案。全组患者均用2个以上疗程,部分患者用4~5个疗程, 每次化疗前、后分别静脉注射枢复宁8 mg。

  1.3疗效判定标准

  完全缓解(CR):病灶完全消失,维持4周以上。部分缓解(PR):病灶缩小≥50%,维持4周以上,无新病灶出现,其他无病灶增大。稳定(SD):病灶缩小< 25%,或增大不超过25%,无新病灶出现。进展(PD):任何一个肿瘤病灶两径乘积≥25%或出现新病灶。生存期从确诊开始至末次随访时间。

  2结果

  2.1疗效分析

  全组36例总有效率(CR+ PR )达38.9%(14/36),PD 3例。除2例尚存活外,34例已死亡 ,存活最长28个月,最短3个月,中位生存期16.2个月,5例Ⅲ期鳞状细胞癌患者应用4个疗程者后无症状生存时间达6个月, 平均生存时间18.5个月,1、2年生存率分别为47.2% 、13.9%,初、复治及不同临床分期、不同病理类型患者的疗效见表1。75.0%(27/36)患者咳嗽、咯血、胸痛和呼吸困难等症状有明显改善,生存质量KPS评分前移10~20分。表1拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗36例非小细胞肺癌疗效分析项目nCRPRSDPDCR+PR中位生存期(略)

  2.2毒副反应

  毒副反应的发生率为69.4%(25/36),其中恶心、呕吐等胃肠道反应占44.4%(16/36);白细胞下降占41.7%(15/36),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级白细胞下降患者占60%(9/15),多在化疗后第2周降至最低峰;3例患者出现腹泻或便秘,其中1例患者出现水样便1周余,经服用易蒙停后而愈;2例患者在静点拓扑替康的过程中出现头痛,静滴完后1~2 h自行缓解。

  3讨论

  20世纪80年代以来,以铂类为基础的联合化疗方案是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的基础方案,在一定程度上提高了其化疗疗效,但近期单药有效率能达到30%以上者甚少[9],可能与癌肿生物学复杂性和患者确诊时已属晚期有关,因此联合化疗成为治疗非小细胞肺癌的主要手段。拓扑替康是一种能够抑制拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的喜树碱类药物,由于其具有独特的作用机制,抑制拓扑异构酶Ⅰ,使DNA的复制终止,癌细胞死亡。Kindler等[10]报道拓扑替康治疗非小细胞肺癌有效率为18.4%,联合顺铂可提高肿瘤对药物的反应率,患者症状改善率明显高于肿瘤对药物的反应率[6~8]。本组采用拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗36例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者总有效率达38.9%,其中初治、复治病例有效率分别为50.0%、 33.3%,初治有效率高于复治,这可能与肿瘤细胞在化疗过程中出现继发性耐药有关。本组有75.0%患者症状有明显改善,生存质量KPS评分前移10~20分,中位生存期16.2个月。该方案在毒副反应方面主要是骨髓抑制,对粒细胞系统的影响较大,本组36例中41.7%患者出现白细胞下降,主要出现在治疗第5~14天,建议应用该方案治疗时,在化疗前、后要用粒细胞刺激因子来支持,个别患者出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛等毒副反应,对症处理可缓解。

  拓扑替康联合顺铂联合化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有较好的临床疗效,毒性反应大都能够耐受, 患者症状的改善率高,有一定临床应用价值。

  【参考文献】

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  [8]PerezSoler R, Fossella FV, Glisson BS, et al. Phase II study of topotecan in patients with advanced nonsmallcell lung cancer previously untreated with chemotherapy[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1996,14:503513.

  [9]秦风展,陈振东,樊青霞,等.肿瘤内科治疗学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2004.154191.

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