伽玛刀双靶点与单靶点治疗原发性三叉神经痛的对比分析
发表时间:2009-08-13 浏览次数:648次
作者:张志远, 徐德生, 刘 东, 郑立高 作者单位:天津医科大学第二医院神经外科暨伽玛刀中心, 天津 300211
【摘要】 目的 对比分析伽玛刀双靶点与单靶点治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析236例单靶点与12例双靶点治疗的经验。均使用Leksell-B型伽玛刀,准直器4 mm。双靶点者靶点分别置于三叉神经根脑桥进入区和近三叉神经半月节处,单靶点者仅置于三叉神经根脑桥进入区。两组均为中心剂量70~90 Gy,50%等剂量线限定靶点;将20%等剂量线限定在脑桥表面,使脑干表面剂量小于16 Gy。 结果 随访12~114个月,平均66.4月。单靶点组有效223例 (94.5%),无效13例 (5.5%),复发14例 (5.9%),发生并发症9例 (3.8%)。双靶点组有效12例 (100%),发生并发症4例 (33.3%)。经统计学分析,两组治疗有效率差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05),并发症发生率以双靶点者为高 (P <0.05)。 结论 双靶点治疗不能明显提高有效率,反而可使并发症发生率明显增加。当三叉神经根紧贴脑桥或受压变形时,为弥补单靶点可能引起的三叉神经受照不足,可使用双靶点治疗。
【关键词】 放射外科手术; 三叉神经痛; 对比研究
Comparative analysis of one and two target points of Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia
ZHANG Zhiyuan, XU Desheng, LIU Dong, et al.
Gamma Knife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
Abstract: Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for primary trigeminal neuralgia using one and two target points. Methods All patients in our study were operated on via a Leksell Gamma knife B model unit, with the collimator of 4 mm. Twelve cases were treated using two target points, one located in the trigeminal root entry zone (REZ), and the other was near the trigeminal ganglion; while the other 236 with one target point in the REZ. 20% isodose line was tangential to the brainstem surface. The prescription central dose varied from 70 to 90 Gy, and the isodose was 50% in the two groups. Results Follow-up ranged from 12 to 114 months (median, 66.4 months), and the pain relief rate of single- and two-isocenter group were 94.5% (223 cases) and 100% (12 cases) respectively. Fourteen patients (5.9%) experienced pain recurrence 6 months after being completely free from pain. And the complication rate of the two target points group was 33.3% (4 cases), which was higher than 3.8% (9 cases) of single group. Conclusion GKRS for trigeminal neuralgia using two target points does not significantly improve pain relief but may increase complications; it should be selected only if the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve was compressed and distorted because of its tight contact with the pons.
Key words: radiosurgery; trigeminal neuralgia; comparative study 1995年9月~2004年9月,我科采用伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛 (TN) 病人248例,其中单靶点治疗236例,双靶点治疗12例,现比较分析如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1 一般资料 单靶点治疗组男∶女 = 1∶1.1,平均年龄 (60.0 ± 13.1) 岁,病程平均7.6年;双靶点治疗组男∶女 = 1∶1,平均年龄 (57.0 ± 14.2) 岁,病程平均6.0年。入院前均经MRI扫描初步筛选,提示病侧三叉神经显示良好,排除继发性三叉神经痛。均长期服用卡马西平和经过反复多次封闭治疗,不能控制疼痛。两组在统计学上无显著性差异,具有可比性。
1.2 治疗方法 局麻下安装Leksell-G型头架。采用MRI T1加权和3D-FASE影像,行1~2 mm层厚无间距轴、冠状位扫描,显示三叉神经根部。采用Gamma Plan 3.01~5.31版软件进行定位和剂量计划。使用Leksell-B型伽玛刀,选用4 mm准直器。双靶点治疗组靶点分别置于三叉神经根脑桥进入区和近三叉神经半月节处;单靶点治疗组靶点置于三叉神经根脑桥进入区。两组均为中心剂量70~90 Gy,50%等剂量线限定靶点;将20%等剂量线限定在脑桥表面,使脑干表面剂量小于16 Gy。
1.3 评价标准[1] 疼痛缓解的标准包括TN发作频率和程度的减轻:疼痛缓解100%为优,80%以上 (无需药物) 为良,50%~80% (需少量用药) 为有效,<50%并持续半年以上为无效。疼痛完全或部分有效缓解后再次出现,且程度相当于“无效”水平为复发;复发时间定为距实施治疗6个月以上。有效率的计算包括优、良及有效。本组采用门诊复查、电话或E-mail方式进行随访,随访12~114个月,平均66.4个月。
2 结 果 (表1)
3 讨 论
3.1 病人因素 大量文献结果均表明:病人年龄、性别及伽玛刀治疗前手术史与伽玛刀治疗的有效率、复发率和并发症发生率等无关[1-3]。
3.2 剂量因素 三叉神经根的受照剂量与疗效直接相关,目前多选择中心剂量70~90 Gy[2-6]。Kondziolka等[2-4]曾就该问题作过对比分析,比较了70 Gy以下和70~90 Gy两组之间伽玛刀治疗的有效率,两者分别为9%和72%,在统计学上有显著性差异 (P = 0.000 3)。而70~90 Gy之间差异无统计学意义,剂量高于90 Gy则可造成神经坏死,Kondziolka等[7]的实验亦证实了这一点。Pollock等[8]报道,当中心剂量为70 Gy时,37%的病人需再次手术;当中心剂量>70 Gy时,需再次手术者仅占13%。伽玛刀术后,MRI显示受照部位在T2像上呈高信号,增强后呈点状或条状强化,但当周边剂量<35 Gy时,MRI上则无上述变化[9]。本组选用剂量为70~90 Gy,并发症发生率与其他中心的报告相近。
3.3 神经受照长度 本研究对12例病人采用双靶点治疗,其目的是希望通过增加神经受照长度,提高有效率和巩固疗效。单靶点与双靶点伽玛刀治疗的疗效分析结果显示:双靶点治疗与单靶点治疗在有效率之间差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05),而并发症明显增加 (P <0.05)。Flickinger等[10]曾就此作过87例对照研究,结果同样表明:双靶点治疗不能明显增加有效率,且可使并发症明显增加。因此,该方法仍存在争议,对于双靶点治疗的量-效关系、并发症等仍有待进一步研究揭示。我们的经验是:当三叉神经根紧贴脑桥或受压变形时,为弥补单靶点可能引起的三叉神经受照不足,可使用双靶点治疗。
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