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急性胆囊炎危险因素的病例对照研究及配对资料Logistic回归分析

发表时间:2010-09-09  浏览次数:453次

  作者:朱世斌 张鸽文 作者单位:云南省会泽县第二人民医院普外科 ,云南 会泽 654211

  【摘要】 目的:通过对急性胆囊炎的流行病学调查,寻找与急性胆囊炎发病相关的危险因素,为急性胆囊炎的预防提供科学依据。方法:自制调查问卷,采用病例对照研究,以某医院2006年1月~2006年12月确诊的96例急性胆囊炎患者为研究对象,同时以该医院同期就诊的外伤患者为对照,选择性别、年龄作为匹配因素,调查他们的家族史、疾病史、环境因素以及饮食生活因素,数据库建立和统计学分析采用SPSS14.0,危险因素的确定采用配对资料Logistic回归分析,定义显著性检验水准为α=0.05。结果:胆结石病史、肥胖、家族史、饮酒、体育锻炼进入了Logistic回归方程,其回归系数和概率值分别为胆结石病史(b=1.667,P=0.000)、肥胖(b=1.263,P=0.001)、家族史(b=0.867,P=0.026)、饮酒(b=1.321,P=0.031)、体育锻炼(b=-1.087,P= 0.002)。结论:胆结石病史、肥胖、家族史、饮酒是急性胆囊炎的危险因素,而体育锻炼是急性胆囊炎的保护因素,提示减轻体重、消除胆结石、不饮酒或少饮酒、经常从事体育锻炼可有效预防急性胆囊炎的发生;同时,对于有急性胆囊炎家族史者更应该及早预防。

  【关键词】 胆囊炎 急性病 险因素 流行病学

  Casecontrol study and paired logistic regression analysis for risk factors of acute cholecystitis

  ZHU Shibin1, ZHANG Gewen2

  (1.Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Huize County, Yunnan Province, Huize654211,China;2.Department of General Surgery, Xiangya 1st Hospital, University of Central China, Changsha410000,China )

  [ABSTRACT] Objective: To investigate the risk factors of acute cholecystitis, provide scientific theoretical basis for the prevention of acute cholecystitis. Methods: Questionnaire including family history, disease history, environmental factors and dietetic factors was designed to survey the risk factors of acute cholecystitis. Case-control study was used in the study. 96 patients with acute cholecystitis were diagnosed in a hospital from January 2006 to December 2006. Controls whose gender and age were the same as cases were injury patients refered to the hospital in the same time. SPSS 14.00 was applied for database construction and statistical analysis. Paired Logistic Regression Analysis was used for risk factors analysis. Significant level was defined α=0.05. Results: Overweight, gallstones, family history, drink and physical exercise were entered into the Logistic Regression equation. Their regression coeffeciency were gallstone(b=1.667, P=0.000), overweight(b=1.263, P=0.001), family history(b=0.867, P=0.026), drink(b=1.321, P=0.031)and physical exercise(b=-1.087, P= 0.002)respectively. Conclusion: There may be 5 factors related to acute cholecystitis: Overweight, gallstone, family history, drink are risk factors; while physical exercise is a protective factor. The results suggest that to reduce weight, cure gallstone, get rid of drink or drink little and persistent physical exercise are effective measures against acute cholecystitis. People who have family history of acute cholecystitis should prevent against it as early as possible.

  [KEY WORDS] Cholecystitis; Acute; Risk factor; Epidemiology

  急性胆囊炎(acute cholecystitis)是由于胆囊管阻塞,化学性刺激和细菌感染等原因引起的急性胆囊炎症性疾病,其临床表现可有发热、右上腹疼痛和压痛、恶心、呕吐、轻度黄疸和白细胞增多等。临床常见的病因有胆囊出口梗阻、胰酶反流、细菌感染等。流行病学调查显示,急性胆囊炎存在明显的性别差异,并以女性的发病率高[1]。为从根本上预防急性胆囊炎的发生,我们进行了急性胆囊炎的流行病学调查,并进行了流行病学危险因素分析研究。现将研究结果报告如下。

  1 对象与方法

  1.1 研究对象及影响因素调查

  本研究共包括96对病例—对照,病例组为2006年1月~2006年12月在某医院确诊的急性胆囊炎患者,对照组为在该医院与对应的病例组同期就诊的外伤患者,并与病例组性别相同,年龄相差不超过1岁。自制调查问卷,调查他们的家族史、疾病史、环境因素以及饮食生活因素等。

  1.2 数据库的建立和统计学分析

  数据库建立和统计学分析采用SPSS14.0,危险因素的分析采用配对资料Logistic回归分析[2],定义显著性检验水准为α=0.05。

  2 结果

  2.1 研究变量及赋值

  研究变量及赋值情况见表1。表1 研究变量的赋值

  变量名 名称 赋值X1 婚姻状态 1=已婚;2=未婚单身;3=离婚单身X2 学历 1=中专(高中)及以下;2=大专;3=本科及以上X3 职业 1=农民;2=工人;3=干部X4 家庭经济状况 1=好;2=一般;3=差X5 家庭居住地 1=农村;2=小城镇;3=城市X6 是否肥胖 1=正常;2=肥胖X7 家族史 1=无;2=有X8 胆结石病史 1=无;2=有X9 是否经常感冒 1=否;2=是X10 喜欢油炸食品 1=不喜欢;2=喜欢X11 喜欢咸食 1=不喜欢;2=喜欢X12 喜欢甜食 1=不喜欢;2=喜欢X13 喜欢蔬菜 1=不喜欢;2=喜欢X14 喜欢水果 1=不喜欢;2=喜欢X15 是否饮酒 1=不饮酒;2=饮酒X16 是否吸烟 1=不吸烟;2=吸烟X17 每天睡眠时间 1=小于5 h;2=5~10 h;3=大于10 hX18 体育锻炼 1=经常;2=偶尔;3=很少

  2.2 配对资料的Logistic回归分析

  将所有研究变量参与配对资料的Logistic回归分析,有5个因素进入方程,即胆结石病史(b=1.667,P=0.000)、肥胖(b=1.263,P=0.001)、家族史(b=0.867,P=0.026)、饮酒(b=1.321,P=0.031),体育锻炼(b=-1.087,P= 0.002),它们可能与急性胆囊炎的发病有关,根据标准回归系数S.B的大小,胆结石病史和肥胖对急性胆囊炎发病的作用最大[2]。结果见表2。注:b为回归系数,S.E为回归系数的标准误,S.B为标准回归系数,P为概率值[2]。

  3 讨论

  胆囊炎按其发病的缓急分为急性胆囊炎和慢性胆囊炎。急性胆囊炎是外科领域中常见的急腹症,其发病率仅次于急性阑尾炎,占炎性急腹症的第2位[3]。急性胆囊炎有结石性胆囊炎和非结石性胆囊炎两大类[4]。约95%的急性胆囊炎是因胆囊结石阻塞胆囊管并继发感染而引起的。非结石性胆囊炎尽管临床比例较低,但由于这类胆囊炎发病隐匿、临床症状不典型、病情重且进展快,易于发生胆囊坏死与穿孔,必须引起高度重视。本研究结果显示,在5个与急性胆囊炎发病有关的危险因素中,胆结石病史的标准回归系数最大,为2.539,提示胆结石病史是急性胆囊炎最重要的危险因素,与其他研究者的结果一致[57]。

  本研究中,肥胖成为急性胆囊炎的第二大危险因素,其原因可能与肥胖者缺乏运动,脂肪在体内堆积过多有关,同时,肥胖者更容易导致胆囊结石也是不可忽略的因素[8]。许多研究表明,家族史与很多疾病的发生有关[911],本次研究发现,急性胆囊炎家族史与急性胆囊炎的发生有关,提示急性胆囊炎的发生可能存在着易感基因。早在2000年Ho SB等[12]发现人的粘蛋白基因(mucin)与急、慢性胆囊炎有关,粘蛋白基因的存在更容易导致炎症的发生。

  在所有胆囊炎的流行病学调查研究中,没有发现饮酒与胆囊炎的关系。本研究中,发现饮酒与急性胆囊炎有关,可能的原因是饮酒作为一个化学刺激因素,导致胆囊内压升高,胆囊黏膜层充血水肿,渗出增多,引起胆囊管梗阻[13]。配对资料的Logistic回归分析结果显示体育锻炼的回归系数是负数,提示体育锻炼是急性胆囊炎的一个保护因素[2]。经常体育锻炼可能会减少胆结石和肥胖的发生,从而减少急性胆囊炎的发生。

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