丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于人工流产术的麻醉
发表时间:2011-07-14 浏览次数:544次
作者:李春萍,姜凤鸣,麻海春 作者单位:1.吉林大学第一医院麻醉科,吉林 长春 130021;2.吉林大学第一医院泌尿外科,吉林 长春 130021
【摘要】 目的:观察丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于人工流产术的麻醉效果及对呼吸、循环系统的影响。方法:选择40例拟行人工流产术且无相关禁忌证的患者,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,年龄18~32岁,体重43kg~62㎏。随机分为两组,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼组(R组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组各20例。两组手术方法相同,年龄、体重和人流时间均无差异(P>0.05)。R组瑞芬太尼静脉滴注剂量为0.75μg/㎏,丙泊酚静脉滴注剂量为2mg/㎏,P组丙泊酚静脉滴注剂量为3㎎/㎏。两组待麻醉满意后开始行人工流产术,同时观察诱导前、诱导后、手术结束时血压(Bp)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)以及苏醒时间,并对麻醉效果进行分析评价。结果:R组诱导和苏醒时间明显短于P组(P<0.05);P组诱导后2min时Bp下降、HR减慢、SpO2降低比R组明显(P<0.05);R组麻醉效果明显优于P组(P<0.05)。结论:丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于人工流产,麻醉镇痛效果确切,用药量小,起效快,呼吸、循环抑制较轻,患者术后苏醒快,此方法优于单纯用丙泊酚麻醉治疗者。
【关键词】 瑞芬太尼,丙泊酚,人工流产术,麻醉
Anesthesia with Propofol combined with remifentanil in artificial abortion
LI Chun-ping,JIANG Feng-ming,MA Hai-chun1
1.Department of Anesthesiology,the First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China;
2.Department of Urinary Surgery,the First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)
Abstract:Objective To investigate the anesthesia effect of Propofol combined with remifentanil in artificial abortion and the possible impact on respiratory system and circulation system. Method Forty patients undergoing artificial abortion (ASA I~II, age: 18~32 years, weight: 43~62kg) were allocated into two groups randomly as Propofol combined with remifentanil group (group R) and Propofol group (group P), with 20 patients in each group. Group R was administered Propofol (2mg/kg, i.v.) combined with remifentanil (0.75μg/㎏, i.v.) and group P was administered Propofol (3mg/kg, i.v.). The two groups received the same operation with the same method, and there was no significant meaning of age, weight and abortion time between the two groups (P>0.05). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), saturation of blood oxygen (SpO2), awake time and anesthesia effect were observed pre-anesthesia, post-anesthesia and end of anesthesia, respectively. Results Induction time and awake time of group R were significantly shorter than that of group P (P<0.05); The decrease of BP, HR and SpO2 in group P 2min after anesthesia were more obvious than that of group R (P<0.05). The anesthesia effect in group R was better than that of group P (P<0.05). Conclusion Anesthesia with Propofol plus remifentanil in artificial abortion has a definite effect of analgesia. Little dosage, working and waking fast, little inhibition in respiritory and circulation system make it better than anesthesia with Propofol alone.
Key Words: Remifentanil;Propofol;Artificial abortion;Anesthesia
丙泊酚用于人工流产术,具有诱导迅速、苏醒快及苏醒质量高等优点,但同时存在镇痛不全、呼吸循环抑制等问题。为此,我们将丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于人工流产术的麻醉,观察麻醉效果和对呼吸循环的影响,现报告如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料:40例拟行人工流产术患者,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ,年龄18~32岁,体重43kg~62kg。随机分为两组,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼组(R组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组各20例。两组年龄、体重及手术时间无明显差异(P>0.05)。
1.2 麻醉方法:麻醉前禁食6h,无术前用药,入室后取截石位,监护仪持续监测血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、心率、心电图、呼吸。开放右上肢静脉,R组用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉滴注,瑞芬太尼静脉滴注量为0.75μg/kg,丙泊酚静脉滴注剂量为2mg/kg,P组单用丙泊酚静脉滴注,剂量3mg/kg,待麻醉效果满意后开始手术。
1.3 观察项目[1]:①诱导时间:指用药至睫毛反射消失的时间。②苏醒时间:指睫毛反射恢复或呼之能应的时间。
1.4 麻醉效果评定标准:①优:指手术期间无肢体活动;②良:指手术期间有不影响操作的肢体活动;③差:指手术期间肢体活动,使手术无法进行。
1.5 统计学分析:各种数据以均数±标准差(x±s)表示。统计学分析采用t检验和χ2检验,P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者年龄、体重、手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.2 两组呼吸循环变化在诱导前后相比较差异有统计学意义,P组诱导后2min时Bp下降、HR减慢、SpO2降低明显,且与诱导前相比较差异有统计学意义,而R组诱导前后相比较,各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.3 R组患者麻醉诱导时间和苏醒时间均明显短于P组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.4 R组麻醉镇痛效果明显优于P组,且两组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
3 讨论
盐酸瑞芬太尼是一种新型的阿片μ受体激动剂,具有独特的药代动力学特性[2]。它主要经血液和组织中的非特异性酯酶水解代谢[3],起效快,时效半衰期短[4]。瑞芬太尼的这一特性使得该药具有既可满足术中镇痛需要,又不引起术后呼吸抑制的优点。因而,优于传统的阿片类药物[5]。丙泊酚作用迅速而且高质量的苏醒是其应用于人工流产等日常小手术的较大优势。但丙泊酚最大缺点是对呼吸循环有抑制作用,其抑制程度与剂量成正比[6];且镇痛效果欠佳,丙泊酚只有联合镇痛药才能充分显示其优越性。研究结果显示R组患者MAP、HR及SpO2在诱导前后无明显变化,表明丙泊酚2mg/kg复合瑞芬太尼0.75μg/kg的诱导量对呼吸循环的抑制程度轻。且R组麻醉镇痛效果明显优于P组,两组比较差异有统计学意义,表明丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼增强了镇痛效果且减少了丙泊酚的用量和减轻了丙泊酚对呼吸循环的抑制作用,降低了麻醉风险。
总之,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉用于人工流产术,镇痛效果好,起效快,对呼吸循环抑制轻,减少镇静程度和减少伤害性反应,同时减少丙泊酚药量,又不影响清醒质量,可做为一种安全有效的麻醉方法。
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