脾动脉假性动脉瘤的介入治疗
发表时间:2010-08-17 浏览次数:420次
作者:袁瑞凡,丁文彬,金 杰,明志兵 作者单位:(南通大学第二附属医院介入科,南通 226001)
【摘要】 目的:探讨脾动脉假性动脉瘤的形成原因、介入治疗方法及临床疗效。方法:对脾动脉假性动脉瘤5例患者选择不同的介入治疗方法,脾动脉主干近端假性动脉瘤2例采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,其中合并脾门处假性动脉瘤1例加用明胶海绵结合不锈钢圈栓塞术。脾动脉主干近端假性动脉瘤1例采用不锈钢圈栓塞脾动脉主干远、近端栓塞法。2例脾门处假性动脉瘤采用明胶海绵结合不锈钢圈栓塞载瘤动脉法治疗。结果:脾动脉假性动脉瘤5例患者采用不同的介入方法治疗后瘤腔全部消失,脾动脉主干血流通畅4例,脾动脉主干闭塞1例,1个月后脾脏出现部分梗死,覆膜支架腔内隔绝术后无内漏2例,脾门处假性动脉瘤栓塞后瘤腔消失,出血停止,仅出现小部分脾梗死2例。结论:覆膜支架腔内隔绝术在治疗脾动脉主干近端假性动脉瘤时是安全有效的,不会出现大面积脾梗死;脾门处者仅栓塞载瘤动脉即可。
【关键词】 脾动脉;假性动脉瘤;覆膜支架;腔内隔绝术;血管栓塞术
Interventional management of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm
YUAN Ruifan, DING Wenbin,JIN Jie,et al (Department of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001)
[Abstract] Objective: To discuss the cause, interventional management and clinical efficacy of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods: Different interventional managements were applied in treatment of 5 cases with splenic artery pseudoaneurysm; stent graft endovascular exclusion was applied in 2 cases with trunk type of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm and one of them together with branch arterial embolism was with gelfoam and metallic coils. Splenic artery embolization with metallic coils was applied in 1 case with trunk type of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm; terminal artery embolization with gelfoam and metallic coils were applied in 2 case with terminal splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. Results:Tumoral cavities disappeared after different interventional managements in all 5 cases; splenic artery blood circulation was normal in 4 cases ; splenic artery blood circulation was obstruction in 1 case and splenic infarction occurred after one month. In 2 cases distal blood circulation was normal after stent graft endovascular exclusion applied. Tumoral cavity disappeared, hemorrhage stopped and least splenic infarction occurred in two cases with terminal splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion: Different interventional management must be selected in accordance with the location and cause of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm, and stent graft endovascular exclusion is safe and effective for the treatment of trunk type of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.
[Key words] Splenic artery; Pseudoaneurysm; Stent graft; Endovascular exclusion; Arterial embolization
分别释放10 mm×40 mm BARD FLUENCY 覆膜支架各一枚。同时合并脾门处多发假性动脉瘤1例患者,再用不锈钢圈栓塞载瘤动脉闭塞瘤腔(图2a~c)。脾门处假性动脉瘤2例患者经血管造影后发现载瘤动脉均为2~3级分支,破口小,将导管超选至破口处,以不锈钢圈辅助明胶海绵胶、条栓塞载瘤动脉及瘤腔(图3a,3b)。
2 结 果
脾动脉假性动脉瘤5例患者经介入治疗后,再次造影假性动脉瘤破口消失,瘤腔不显影。脾动脉主干近端假性动脉1例瘤患者用不锈钢圈栓塞脾动脉远近端主干后瘤腔消失同时脾动脉主干也闭塞,1周后脾脏出现部分梗死。脾动脉主干近端假性动脉瘤2例患者采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术后假性动脉瘤瘤腔消失,支架扩张良好,脾动脉主干血流通畅,未出现内漏,无重要分支闭塞,脾脏灌注正常,未出现相关脏器缺血现象。其中合并脾门处多发假性动脉瘤1例患者栓塞后出现小部分脾梗死。脾门处假性动脉瘤2例患者栓塞后瘤腔消失,仅出现栓塞载瘤动脉区域部分脾脏梗死。脾实质部分栓塞后均出现低热、左上腹疼痛等栓塞后症状,对症治疗1~2周后缓解。
术后随访:行脾动脉主干栓塞1例患者半年后复查彩超,脾动脉主干内血栓形成,瘤腔内无血流信号,脾脏部分梗死;行脾动脉主干覆膜支架腔内隔绝术2例患者1年后复查CTA瘤腔消失,支架内血流通畅,未出现狭窄,脾脏血流灌注正常(图2d);2例脾门处假性动脉瘤患者术后每半年复查彩超1次,瘤腔内无血流信号,脾脏小部分梗死。
3 讨 论
假性动脉瘤是指动脉内膜或中膜撕裂后残存的动脉中膜或外膜向外扩张膨出形成的囊性病变,或由于动脉壁全层破裂出血形成周围软组织血肿,一段时间后血肿边缘被增生的纤维组织包绕形成与破裂血管相通的囊性病变。它可发生在全身各部位的动脉,但以四肢动脉常见,内脏假性动脉瘤少见,而脾动脉假性动脉瘤更少见[1]。此病常由急慢性胰腺炎和外伤所致,少数由动脉粥样硬化引起。近年来各种微创手术引起的医源性损伤导致此类疾病逐渐增多[3-5]。它一般发生在脾动脉主干近端和脾动脉远端2~3级分支动脉上(脾门或脾脏内)。
关于脾动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗,传统方法是外科手术切除,腹腔干根部解剖难度高。部分医源性损伤特别是胰腺及上腹部术后并发脾动脉假性动脉瘤形成者,再次手术难度大,瘤体难以单纯切除,合并脾切除可能大。若要保留脾脏需行瘤体切除+脾动脉人造血管移植术,手术更复杂。国内周国锋等[5]采用不锈纲圈栓塞瘤体远近端脾动脉主干的方法治疗,虽然创伤小瘤腔闭塞满意,但脾动脉主干同时也闭塞,脾脏出现部分梗死术后反应大。覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗主动脉病变及四肢动脉假性动脉瘤的常用方法,具有创伤小、疗效好等优点[6]。报道采用覆膜支架近几年用于内脏假性动脉瘤的治疗也取得了良好的疗效。用覆膜支架治疗肝动脉假性动脉瘤、肠系膜上动脉假性动脉瘤、肾动脉假性动脉瘤等效果满意。覆膜支架治疗脾动脉主干近端假性动脉瘤方面未见文献报道[6-14]。我们尝试术中即使覆盖肝总动脉、胃左动脉等重要分支,也不会出现相关脏器缺血,且大直径覆膜支架术后狭窄率低。因直径10 mm覆膜支架的输送器较粗,一般是9-12F[4-5,7],不宜通过腹腔干的弯曲段。本文术中1例患者由于腹腔干及脾动脉主干弯曲度较大,9F覆膜支架推送器不能越过弯曲段,改用不锈钢圈栓塞脾动脉远近端主干的方法治疗。先将导丝导管超选至脾门处,交换COOK公司Lunderquist超硬钢丝,利用超硬钢丝的支撑力推送覆膜支架,由于超硬钢丝牵拉腹腔干,支架释放时无参考点定位,再决定穿刺对侧股动脉,将5F Cobra导管插至腹腔干开口处,由助手不断手推造影剂“冒烟”定位,起到导引导管的作用。同时快速释放覆膜支架,再次造影,瘤腔消失,脾动脉主干通畅,未覆盖大的分支动脉,随访1周未出现腹痛等并发症,常规抗聚治疗。其中1例已随访1年,复查CTA支架内血流通畅。对于脾门处的脾动脉远端2~3级分支假性动脉瘤血管造影后均采用超选择栓塞载瘤动脉方法治疗,创伤小,疗效好,出血即刻停止,仅出现载瘤动脉区域部分脾脏梗死。
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