PTEN, PCNA, IV型胶原在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义
发表时间:2009-06-23 浏览次数:441次
作者:田斌,孙涛,牛虎,孙善平
作者单位:山东大学临床医学院济南市中心医院乳腺外科,山东 济南 250013
【摘要】 目的:通过检测 PTEN, PCNA及IV型胶原在乳腺癌组织中的表达,分析它们与乳腺癌临床病理指标的关系,研究它们在乳腺癌中表达的相关性. 并探讨PTEN的低表达对PCNA及IV型胶原的影响. 方法:女性乳腺癌患者72例. 中位年龄51(38~73)岁,病理类型均为浸润性导管癌. 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测PTEN,PCNA及IV型胶原在乳腺癌组织中的表达. 数据分析采用卡方检验及等级相关分析,P<0.05为有统计学意义. 结果:PTEN, PCNA及IV型胶原阳性表达率与乳腺癌患者腋淋巴结状况及TNM (Tumor node metastasis)分期有相关性(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、绝经状况、肿瘤大小及PR无相关性(P>0.05),腋淋巴结转移阳性患者(73.81%, 76.19%, 52.38%)高于腋淋巴结转移阴性者(36.67%, 23.33%, 23.33%),TNM分期III期者阳性表达率(92.31%, 84.62%, 69.23%)高于II期(54.17%, 54.17%, 37.5%)及I期者(36.36%, 18.18%, 18.18%). PCNA与CerbB2在乳腺癌中表达呈负相关(r=-0.271, P=0.021). PTEN表达与PCNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.423,P<0.001),PTEN表达于IV型胶原表达亦呈负相关(r=-0.342, P=0.003),PCNA表达与IV型胶原表达呈正相关(r=0.381,P=0.001). 结论:PTEN,PCNA及IV型胶原蛋白表达与乳腺癌的浸润转移有关;PTEN,PCNA及IV型胶原对判断乳腺癌的恶性程度、预测生物学行为和预后有参考价值. PTEN的低表达、PCNA的高表达与IV型胶原的缺失表达有相关性.
【关键词】 乳腺肿瘤;PTEN基因;肿瘤细胞核增殖抗原;IV型胶原
Expressions of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV in breast carcinoma and their clinical significance
TIAN Bin, SUN Tao, NIU Hu, SUN ShanPing, JIN GuangChao
Department of Breast Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To analyze the relationship between the expressions of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV and clinicopathologic parameters of breast cancer, to explore the correlations of their expressions in breast cancer, and to determine the effect of low expression of PTEN on expressions of PCNA and collagen IV. METHODS: Seventytwo female patients with breast cancer were selected with median age of 51 years (38-73 years). All cases were pathologically diagnosed with infiltrative duct breast carcinoma. The expressions of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV were studied with SP immunohistochemical examination. Statistical chisquare test and rank correlation analysis were used (SPSS statistical software, Version 10.0 for windows). RESULTS: The positive expression rates of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV were significantly correlated with axillary lymph node status and tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging (P<0.05), while not correlated with patients age, menopause status, size of tumor and expression of PR receptor (P>0.05). The positive expression rates of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV were 73.81%, 76.19%, 52.38%, respectively for patients with axillary lymph node metastasis, significantly higher than those without metastasis (36.67%, 23.33%, 23.33%). The positive expression rates of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV in TNM stage III were 92.31%, 84.62%, 69.23%, respectively, significantly higher than those in stage II (54.17%, 54.17%, 37.5%) and stage I (36.36%, 18.18%, 18.18%). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the expression of PTEN and collagen IV (r=-0.342, P=0.003), negative correlation between the expression of PTEN and PCNA (r=-0.423, P<0.001), and positive correlation between the expression of PCNA and collagen IV (r=0.381, P=0.001) in infiltrative duct breast carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The expressions of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV are related to the invasive character of infiltrative duct breast carcinoma. The expressions of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV might be useful indicators to evaluate the malignancy and biological features, and could be considered as good prognostic predictors for breast cancer. There are correlations between the lower expressions of PTEN, PCNA and collagen IV. PTEN plays an important role in the proliferating activity and aggression of breast cancer.
【Keywords】 breast neoplasms; PTEN; PCNA; collagen IV
0引言
乳腺癌组织中PTEN(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10, 10号染色体缺失与张力蛋白同源物磷酸酯酶基因),PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigens,增殖细胞核抗原)及IV型胶原的表达与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的转移具有密切的相关性[1-3],本研究我们通过分析它们与乳腺癌临床病理指标的关系,研究它们在乳腺癌中表达的相关性,探讨PTEN,PCNA及IV型胶原对判断乳腺癌的恶性程度及预后的价值.
1对象和方法
1.1对象
我院病理科200201/200505收检的乳腺浸润性导管癌手术标本存档蜡块72例,中位年龄51(38~73)岁. 所有手术标本均统一重新切片,HE染色确定病理诊断,临床病理资料齐全. 患者均进行乳腺癌改良根治术,术前均未进行任何放疗、化疗或激素治疗. 所有病例均按照“中国常见恶性肿瘤诊治规范”进行诊断、分型和分期. 年龄<50岁者36例,≥50岁者36例;已绝经者24例,未绝经者48例;伴腋窝淋巴结转移者42例,不伴腋窝淋巴结转移者30例;肿瘤直径≤2 cm者30例,2~5 cm者36例,≥5 cm者6例;临床分期I期11例,II期48例,III期13例;ER(雌激素受体)(+)者41例,ER(-)者31例;PR(孕激素受体)(+)者54例,PR(-)者18例;CerB2(+)者41例,CerB2(-)者31例.
1.2方法
1.2.1PTEN检测采用双盲法记数10个高倍视野下1000个肿瘤细胞,由两名资深专家分别观察, 取平均值,若两个观察者的结果相差10%以上,则重新观察. PTEN以乳腺癌腺管内皮及癌细胞的细胞质中出现明显黄色或棕黄色颗粒为阳性染色. 采用半定量积分法判断结果,阳性细胞<5%为0分,6%~50%为2分,>50%为3分,阳性强度淡黄色为1分,棕黄色为2分,棕褐色为3分,两者积分相乘,0分为阴性(-),1~3分为弱阳性(+),4~6分为中度阳性(),7~9分为强阳性(). 将(-,+)视为低表达,(,)视为高表达.
1.2.2PCNA检测阳性信号为细胞核内出现棕黄色细小颗粒,按阳性细胞所占百分比并参考着色强度确定分级如下:无明显阳性细胞为阴性(-);阳性细胞数<25%为弱阳性(+);阳性细胞数25%~50%为中度阳性();阳性细胞数>50%为强阳性().
1.2.3IV型胶原检测共分为3个等级:P (preserved)级,肿瘤细胞与基质间有连续的浅状染色带存在;Fd (focally disrupted)级,肿瘤细胞基底膜染色带偶有变薄或断裂,但主要形式是连续的;Ab (absent)级,大部分肿瘤细胞基底膜缺乏或呈不连续的碎片状.统计学处理:采用χ2检验和等级相关分析进行统计学分析,检验水准a=0.05. 使用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析.
2结果
2.1乳腺癌中PTEN, PCNA, IV型胶原的表达与临床病理的关系
乳腺癌中PTEN, PCNA, IV型胶原的表达分别见图1~3. 腋窝淋巴结转移阳性的PTEN低表达率、PCNA高表达率、IV型胶原缺失表达率明显高于阴性者,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001), 并与腋窝淋巴结转移有相关性(r分别为0.465,-0.508,P<0.001). 临床分期III期者表达率明显高于II期、I期者,三者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01), PTEN的表达与临床分期有相关性(r分别为-0.445, 0.378, 0.416, P<0.001). PTEN, PCNA, IV型胶原的表达与绝经状况、肿瘤大小、PR无相关性(表1).表1乳腺癌中PTEN,PCNA,IV型胶原表达与临床病理关系(略)
2.2PTEN, PCNA, IV型胶原在乳腺癌中表达的相关性
PTEN低表达的42例中,PCNA高表达者30例,低表达者12例. PCNA高表达的39例中, PTEN低表达者30例, 高表达者9例. PTEN和PCNA的表达呈明显负相关(r=-0.423, P<0.01). PTEN低表达的42例中, IV型胶原部分或完全缺失表达者35例,完整表达者7例. IV型胶原部分或完全缺失表达者54例中,PTEN低表达者35例,高表达者19例(35.19%). PTEN和IV型胶原的表达呈明显负相关(r=-0.342, P=0.003). PCNA高表达的39例中, IV型胶原部分或完全缺失表达者35例, 完整表达者4例. IV型胶原部分或完全缺失表达者54例中, PCNA高表达者35例, 低表达者19例. PCNA 和IV型胶原的表达呈明显正相关(r=0.381, P=0.001).
3讨论
恶性肿瘤的发生和发展从始发突变到癌演变发展和转移扩散,是一个遗传改变的积累和选择克隆化的过程;恶性肿瘤的浸润转移是肿瘤细胞本身侵袭能力及细胞与细胞间质之间复杂、多步骤的结果. PTEN作为抑癌基因,在肿瘤细胞凋亡、生长抑制及细胞转移、扩散、聚集、黏附作用等方面的研究较为透彻[1]. PCNA对DNA复制起重要作用,其合成、表达与细胞增殖周期有关[2-5],可作为细胞本身增殖能力检测的可行指标. 作为抑癌基因,PTEN与乳腺癌现有的预后指标,如淋巴结转移和临床分期等密切相关,提示其可作为一个独立的预后指标. 对乳腺癌患者应用IV型胶原酶抑制剂进行治疗,防治癌症浸润转移. 在恶性肿瘤发生发展的基因研究中,许多学者提出了基因协同作用假说,认为在恶性肿瘤发展和转移的各阶段,至少有两个或两个以上的功能不同的异常激活的基因各自发挥不同的作用,尽管这些基因异常介导的生物信号分别干扰细胞增殖和凋亡,但其作用结果在时间和空间上相互配合,协同促进了细胞的癌变. 我们发现,PTEN与PCNA的表达呈负相关(r=-0.423,P<0.01), PTEN低表达组PCNA表达率高,PTEN低表达的42例中,PCNA高表达者30例 (71.4%), 高于PCNA低表达者(28.6%), 其中的机制为PTEN能特异性的诱导3个周期素依赖性激酶(CDK)抑制剂:P21,P27,P57. P21有效抑制CDK2,CDK3,CDK4,CDK6,还与DNA聚合酶&竞争结合增殖细胞核抗原,使DNA复制受阻,停滞于G1晚期. 以IV型胶原为骨架的基底膜是反映肿瘤早期浸润的一个指标,也是判断肿瘤浸润强度和腋窝淋巴结受累情况的一个较早的预示因子. 我们研究了其与PTEN,PCNA的关系,结果提示PTEN与PCNA有相关性(r值分别为-0.342和0.381),PTEN的低表达或PCNA的高表达使细胞恶性程度高,组织侵袭性强,引起IV型胶原的部分或连续性断裂、缺失,从而更易引起转移. 因此,我们认为,在乳腺浸润性导管癌中研究PTEN,PCAN及IV型胶原的异常表达有助于对乳腺癌浸润扩散倾向、临床分期、早期诊断、鉴别诊断、预后及治疗提供依据,为乳腺癌早期诊治提供新的途径.
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