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《心血管病学》

候选基因ABCAl_G596A变异与冠心病发病的关系

发表时间:2011-12-19  浏览次数:394次

  作者:王胜煌  作者单位:宁波市第一医院心内科,浙江宁波 315010

  【摘要】目的探讨ABCA1_G596A基因变异与宁波地区汉族人群冠心病发病的关系。方法 入选宁波地区行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的汉族人群186例,其中冠心病组111例,非冠心病(对照)组75例。采用苯酚_氯仿_异丙醇抽提外周血白细胞全基因组DNA,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)结合测序方法确定候选基因ABCA1_G596A单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)。结果 宁波地区汉族人群ABCA1_G596A基因型GG、GA及AA分布频率依次为0.34、0.37及0.29。ABCA1_G596A变异基因型GG、GA及AA携带者血浆HDL_c水平呈剂量依赖性升高(P<0.01),甘油三酯水平呈剂量依赖性降低(P<0.05),而对血浆总胆固醇及LDL_c水平无影响。冠心病组与对照组之间ABCA1_G596A变异基因型频率分布无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 冠心病候选基因ABCA1_G596A变异对血脂代谢产生明显的影响,但与冠心病发病无显著性关联。

  【关键词】 冠心病 血脂代谢 ATP结合盒转运体 单核苷酸多态性

  [Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between ABCA1_G596A genetic variant and clinical phenotype associated with the development of coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population in Ningbo. Methods Total of 186 cases undertaken coronary angiography were recruited from Ningbo district, including 111 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 75 people without coronary artery disease (controls). Their age was 61±10 years and the male accounted for 75.1%. The DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cell by approach comprised proteinase K digestion, phenol and chloroform extraction as well as isopropanol precipitation. The SNP of ATP_binding cassette transporter (ABCA1)_G596A was genotyped by PCR_RFLP, and verified by gene sequencing. Results Genotyptic frequencies of ABCA1_G596A variant were 0.34、0.37 and 0.29 across GG, GA and AA genotype, respectively. SNP of ABCA1_G596A predicted plasma HDL_c level (GG 45.3±11.4mg/dL, GA 46.5±12.0 mg/dL and AA 49.2 ±13.6mg/dL, P=0.001). Meanwhile, ABCA1_G596A variant was associated with significant changes of TG levels (GG 189.0±106.8 mg/dL, GA 173.1±88.2 mg/dL and AA 155.6±102.4 mg/dL, P=0.01), while ABCA1_G596A variant was not associated with the plasma total cholesterol and LDL_c levels. However, ABCA1_G596A was not predictive of the presence of coronary angiographic defined coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population (P>0.05). Conclusions ABCA1_G596A variant predicted differences in risk_related plasma HDL_c and TG levels rather than angiographic coronary artery disease. The discrepancy indicates the complexity in etiology of coronary artery disease.

  [Key words] Coronary artery disease; Plasma lipid metabolism; ABCA1_G596A; Genetic polymorphism

  冠心病CHD是威胁人类健康的重要疾病,其确切发病机制目前仍不全清楚。近年来,高密度脂蛋白(HDL_c)低下在CHD发病中的作用已逐步得到共识[1~3]。HDL_c抗动脉粥样硬化的主要机制促进胆固醇逆向转运RCT。研究表明,ATP结合匣式转运体(ATP_Binding Cassette Transporter 1, ABCA1)基因调控的外周细胞胆固醇外流是影响RCT及HDL_c代谢的关键环节和限速步骤[4]。有研究认为,ABCA_G596A基因多态性不仅影响普通人群血脂代谢,而且对冠心病临床表型具有重要的影响[5]。因此探讨ABCA1基因及其功能变异将有助于进一步揭示冠心病发病机制。本文以宁波地区汉族人群为研究对象,探讨单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)ABCA_G596A对血脂代谢及冠心病发病的影响。

  1 材料和方法

  1.1 研究对象:病例入选采用序贯进入方法,选择宁波地区接受冠状动脉造影检查者186例,均为汉族人群。其中确定为冠心病者111例,非冠心病者(对照组)75例。冠状动脉造影显示至少一支冠状动脉主支狭窄程度≥50%者确定为冠心病,而主支血管狭窄程度均<10%者为非冠心病(对照)组。入选者均采取空腹静脉血作血脂测定,包括总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL_c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL_c)及甘油三酯(TG)均采用标化酶法。排除2周内服用调脂药者及已知合并脑卒中及周围血管病但CAG正常者。两组病例临床情况见表1。表1 研究对象临床特征 注:两组比较P<0.01

  1.2 DNA提取:在接受CAG检查的同时采取外周静脉血20ml,置于酸性柠檬酸抗凝试管,离心分离血浆与血细胞,于-80℃冰箱分装贮存。采用蛋白酶K消化、苯酚_氯仿抽提以及异丙醇沉淀的方法提取外周血白细胞全基因组DNA[6]。紫外线分光光度计定性及定量检测DNA。DNA标本分储存液(200ug/ml)及工作液(15ug/ml),分别保存在-80℃及4℃条件。

  1.3 SNPs基因型检测:ABCA1_G596A基因型的检测采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)结合限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)及测序等方法[7]。目的片段PCR引物为F:5'_GTATTTTTGCAAGGCTACCAGTTACATTTGACAA3',R:5'_GATTGGCTTCAGGATGTCCATGTTGGAA_3’。退火温度为50℃,PCR产物经内切酶EcoN I在37℃条件下孵育2小时。消化产物通过琼脂糖电泳分析。所得RFLP进一步通过测序证实为SNPs,即G596→A变异。

  1.4 统计学分析:采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料(血脂水平)用x-±s表示,计数资料用百分比表示。组间分析采用用χ2检验或ANOVA。双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  2 结果

  2.1 基因频率及Hardy_Weinberg平衡检验:宁波地区汉族人群ABCA1_G596A变异三种基因型GG、GA及AA分布频率依次为0.34、0.37及0.29。根据Hardy_Weinberg平衡吻合度检验,提示本研究人群符合随机抽样,样本具有良好的代表性。

  2.2 SNPs对血脂的影响:ABCA1_G596A基因型GG、GA及AA携带者血浆HDL_c呈现剂量依赖性升高(GG:45.3±11.4mg/dL;GA:46.5±12.0mg/dL;AA:49.2±13.6mg/dL,P<0.01);而血清TG水平则呈现呈现剂量依赖性降低(GG:45.3±11.4mg/dL;GA:46.5±12.0mg/dL;AA:49.2±13.6mg/dL,P<0.05)。ABCA1_G596A基因变异对TC及LDL_c水平无显著影响(均P>0.05)(见图1)。

  图1 ABCA1_G586A变异对血浆HDL_c及TG的影响2.3 ABCA1_G586A对冠心病发病的影响:在冠心病及对照组人群中ABCA1_G586A基因型分布无显著性差异(见表2)。

  表2 ABCA1_G586A基因变异与冠心病发病的关系

  基因型频率等位基因频率PABCA1 基因型GGGAAAA冠心病(n=111)26.7%48.8%24.4%48.8%0.427对照组(n=75)22.2%54.4%23.3%50.5%

  3 讨论

  本研究结果显示,候选基因ABCA1_G596A变异与血浆HDL_c及甘油三酯水平关系密切,但与经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病发病无显著关联。

  HDL_c代谢异常作为冠心病发生和发展过程中重要的生物学环节(即中间表型),普通人群中血浆HDL_c浓度变异的70%决定于遗传因素[8],然而确切的遗传机制目前仍不清楚。研究发现,ABCA1基因所介导的外周巨噬细胞内胆固醇外流是胆固醇逆向转运过程的启动步骤,因此ABCA1在HDL_c代谢与动脉粥样硬化发病方面发挥关键性作用。1964年,Tangier病发现后对ABCA1基因结构与功能进行了大量研究[9~12],但ABCA1基因变异是否对普通人群的血脂代谢以及动脉粥样硬化性疾病易感性产生一定的影响,目前尚无法定论。

  Clee SM等[5]对16个Tangier病先证者基因扫描时发现10个基因编码区的SNPs(基因频率>10%),其中G596A(即R219K)等位基因携带者甘油三酯水平显著降低,HDL_c水平亦有升高趋势,同时动脉粥样硬化病变程度轻、进展缓慢(P=0.005),而且冠状动脉事件亦相应减少(P=0.02)。在欧洲裔人群A等位基因频率为46%。Cenarro A等[13]通过对384例家族性高胆固醇血症杂合子携带者研究,发现在无早发冠心病组596A等位基因频率为0.32,而在早发冠心病组则为0.25(P<0.05),但G596A变异对血浆HDL_c水平无显著影响,因此认为219K变异对动脉粥样硬化的保护性作用并不依赖于血浆HDL_c水平的改变。Brousseau ME等[14]研究同样提示ABCA1编码区基因SNP在具有明显抗动脉粥样硬化的同时并不升高血浆HDL_c水平。

  国内研究方面,赵水平等[15]通过对692例脑卒中患者及351名正常对照组人群ABCA1基因G596A单核苷酸多态性的研究发现,在ABCA1的GG、GA和AA3种基因型中,HDL_c水平依次呈上升趋势,其中基因型GG与AA携带者HDL_c水平差异具有显著意义(1.13±0.14mmo1/L Vs 1.14±0.14mmo1/L,P<0.05);甘油三酯水平依次呈下降趋势,但相互之间的差异无显著意义;但这种效应以男性人群为主。而且冠心病组596A等位基因频率显著低于正常对照组(12.3% Vs. 19.1%,P<0.05),多元回归分析提示A等位基因为冠心病发病的低危遗传标记(OR=0.559,P=0.039)[16]。

  本研究提示,ABCA1_G596A变异对血浆HDL_c及甘油三酯水平具有积极的影响,但未能观测到与冠心病发病之间的密切联系,因此有必要进一步通过增加样本量以及通过冠心病亚组分析来探讨基因变异对血脂的影响以及由此而产生的临床效应。

  致谢:本研究得到西安交通大学分子生物中心的老师及宁波市第一医院心血管内科及DSA室同仁的大力支持,特此致谢!

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