小儿腹膜后高度分化寄生胎——附1例报告
发表时间:2012-12-13 浏览次数:1154次
作者 作者单位
赵正 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院外科, 北京 100045
王焕民 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院外科, 北京 100045
Well-differentiated fetus in fetu in the retroperitoneum
ZHAO Zheng, WANG Huan-min. Department of Surgery , Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated of Capital University of Medical Sciences,Beijing,100045
[Abstract] Objective To report a case of well-differentiated fetus in fetu and to approach its diagnosis ,treatment and prognosis . Methods Review one case of Fetus in fetu accepted by our hospital.It was well-differentiated,looked like a featus anomalies. Results A 3-year-old boy who was detected to have a mass with antenatal ultrasound scan had no symptom during the three years. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed retroperitoneal findings. After surgery ,the pathologic diagnosis is fetus in fetu. Conclusion Well-differentiated fetus in fetu in the retroperitoneum is a rare case,which has no typical symptom. Differential diagnosis is usually teratoma. We can distinguish fetus in fetu with CT showing vertebral axis or limbs. Once been diagnosed ,it should be operated completely.It has a good prognosis,but still has potential to develop into malignant tissue.
[Key word] retroperitoneal tumor; fetus in fetu;surgical therapy.
小儿寄生胎是一种罕见的先天性发育畸形,是指一完整的胎体内的某部分寄生有另一具或几具不完整胎体。大多仅为一定分化的器官组织,具有人形分化的寄生胎十分罕见。我院收治寄生胎一例,现报告如下:
1 临床资料
患儿:男, 3 岁。发现腹部肿块3年余入院。出生前即由B超发现腹内有一肿物,生后B超证实。患儿一直无特殊不适,未予诊治。查体:腹中部隆起,可及一巨大包块,边界清,约16cm×18cm×18cm,质硬,活动度差,局部无压痛。 B超显示腹膜后巨大肿物.CT示腹膜后肿物,可见骨骼影。AFP值在正常范围内。术前诊断为寄生胎。术中见: 肿物位于腹膜后,自胃结肠之间顶起,表面可见菲薄之胰腺组织,瘤体有一层较厚的纤维性包膜,粘连紧密,推起胰,脾血管,肠系膜血管见瘤体右侧部分为下腔静脉骑跨,于其下方分离提出肿物,完整切除瘤体。肿物约17cm×11cm×7.5cm.剖开肿瘤包膜,吸净其内黄色黏稠液,可见一大致分化之胎儿,有头,毛发,口唇,舌,牙齿,耳迹,躯干,双下肢,并有脐带与包膜相连,另有一游离之环形骨包被软组织和皮肤,类似双上臂抱合。病理示:送检肿物囊实相间,囊性区域被覆复层鳞状上皮和消化道上皮,实性区域由纤维,肌肉,脂肪,腺体,成熟脑组织,骨及骨髓构成。病理诊断:寄生胎。
2 讨 论
寄生胎,寄生胎又称胎内胎,是指在一完整胎体内的某部分寄生有另一具或几具不完整的胎体。实际上,寄生胎多为某一部分组织,极少有发育分化的胎儿。Willis将其定义为包含脊柱轴及沿其轴可见其他器官或肢体的包块[1]。而且,也不是所有的寄生胎都具有脊椎,大约9%的寄生胎并不具有发育完全的脊椎结构[2].根据Hoeffel观察91%的寄生胎含有脊柱,82.5% 含四肢, 55.8% 含中枢神经系统(多为无脑畸形),45% 含胃肠道, 40% 含血管, 26.5%含泌尿生殖道. 心脏较罕见(仅见1-2例)[3]。.本例寄生胎发育分化良好,基本具备胎儿外观轮廓,实属罕见。寄生胎多见于儿童,但也罕有41岁成人发现寄生胎。男女比例大致均等。寄生胎多见于腹膜后,但也可见于腹腔,颅腔,骶尾,纵隔,阴囊,口腔,肾上腺,甚至隐睾,卵巢,还有宫内寄生胎的报道。寄生胎多为1具,也可见多具的病例,寄生胎的发生机制一般认为是由于受精卵在胚胎发育早期的内细胞群阶段,胚泡内全能细胞团分裂成2或3团,因某种原因其中一团或几团内细胞群发育受限或停止,被包入另一团或几团内细胞群所形成的胎儿体内,就成为单具或多具寄生胎。临床表现大多无症状,偶有腹胀,呕吐,黄疸和呼吸困难。
寄生胎主要与畸胎瘤鉴别。多数学者认为其鉴别点为: 寄生胎内有脊柱及成形骨骼器官,比较明显的胎儿外形,解剖学上和组织学上有比较成熟、而畸胎瘤仅有零星的骨质不能形成真正器官系统,而且有向成熟或恶性组织分化的潜能。也有人认为寄生胎是畸胎瘤和双胎的一种移行。虽然寄生胎的各种成分发育成熟,但仍有恶变的可能。术后要注意定期监测肿瘤标记物和复查CT。
【参考文献】
1. Brand A, Alves MC,Saraviva C, et al:Fetus in fetu--diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis--a case report and literature review.J Pediatr Surg. 2004, 39(4):616~8.
2. Mohta A,Shrivastava UK,Sodhi P,Upreti L.Fetus-in-fetu. Pediatr Surg Int, 2003,19(6):499~500.
3. Hoeffel CC, Nuyen KQ, Tran TS, et al. Fetus-in-Fetu: case report and literature review. Pediatrics, 2000,105:1335~1344.