空腹血糖受损冠心病患者冠脉病变特点与血高敏C反应蛋白的关系
发表时间:2011-03-30 浏览次数:401次
作者:李嘉,陈鹏,季亢挺 杨鹏麟 作者单位:温州医学院附属第二医院心血管内科,浙江温州 325027
【摘要】 目的 探讨空腹血糖受损(IFG)冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点,与血高敏C反应蛋白(hs_CRP)水平的关系及意义。方法 对经冠脉造影确诊的冠心病患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),据结果用1999年WHO标准选取冠心病合并IFG组69例,另设糖代谢正常冠心病组64例(对照组)。测定两组体重、血压、血脂、血肌酐、血hs_CRP,记录其年龄、冠心病危险因素(性别、高血压、高胆固醇血症、吸烟)和冠状动脉造影结果并计算冠脉病变积分。结果 血hs_CRP水平、冠脉病变积分在IFG组较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);相关分析显示,在冠心病合并IFG患者中,空腹血糖水平、血hs_CRP水平与冠脉病变Gensini评分呈正相关(r分别=0.2685,0.5232 均P<0.05)。结论 冠心病合并IFG患者冠脉病变严重,多支冠脉病变发生率高,病变呈弥漫性狭窄。冠心病合并IFG患者存在炎症反应,血hs_CRP水平与冠脉狭窄程度相关。
【关键词】 冠状动脉疾病;空腹血糖受损;口服葡萄糖耐量试验;超敏C反应蛋白;冠脉狭窄程度积分;冠状动脉造影
The Relationship between hs_CRP Level and Coronary Artery Lesion in Coronary Heart Disease Patients with Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose. LI Jia, CHEN Peng, JI Kang_Ting, et al. Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between the level of high_sensitive C_reactive protein (hs_CRP) and the severity of coronary artery lesions in coronary heart disease patients(CHD) with impaired fasting glucose(IFG). Methods According to the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) results of standard of WHO in 1999, 133 CHD confirmed by coronary angiography were divided into two groups:69 cases with impaired fasting glucose (IFG group) and 64 patients with normal OGTT (control group). For all the patients, age, body weight, blood pressure, blood_lipid, serum creatinine, hs_CRP, CHD risk factors (sex, hypertension, hyper_cholesteremia, smoking) and coronary angiography results were recorded and the coronary narrow degree integral was calculated. Results Plasma hs_CRP level and coronary narrow degree integrals were higher in IFG group than those in control group(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the fasting blood glucose and plasma hs_CRP level in CDH with IFG were positively correlated with the coronary narrow degree integrals (r=0.2685 and 0.5232. respectively P<0.05). Conclusions The coronary multivessel lesions, severe lesions and diffuse stenosis were more frequent in CHD with IFG. CHD with IFG had abnormal inflammation reaction. Plasma hs_CRP level reflected the severity of coronary artery lesions.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease;Impaired fasting blood glucose;Oral glucose tolerance test;High sensitive C_reactive protein;Coronary narrow degree integral;Coronary angiography
据1999年WHO定义[1]空腹血糖受损(IFG)是指空腹血浆葡萄糖(FPG)6.1~6.9mmol/L,75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2h血糖(PG2h)<7.8mmol/L。IFG人群虽仅有空腹血糖升高,但与糖耐量低减(IGT)人群一样具有向糖尿病发展的高危倾向,存在发生大血管并发症的危险[2]。本文对冠心病合并IFG患者冠脉病变特点及与血高敏C反应蛋白(hs_CRP)的相关性进行分析,探讨其在冠心病的发生、发展中的关系及意义。
1 资料和方法
1.1 病例及分组:所有对象为2007年2月至2007年7月在我院住院并经选择性冠脉造影确诊的冠心病患者。入院后次日清晨行OGTT经肘静脉采血测定血浆葡萄糖水平,根据1999年WHO标准共入选IFG患者69例,另设糖代谢正常冠心病组64例为对照组。两组临床资料、生化指标等差异无统计学意义,见表1。所有病例均肝、肾功能正常,排除2型糖尿病、自身免疫性疾病、脑、甲状腺和慢性胰腺炎或胰岛素拮抗激素增高等疾病,至少2周内无脑血管意外、心肌梗死、感染、外伤、手术等。排除近3月内使用过调脂药物及排除合并原发性心肌病、肺源性心脏病、先天性心脏病、风湿性心脏病心肌炎或心力衰竭者。 表1 两组患者临床资料、生化指标比较
1.2 方法:于清晨空腹采肘静脉血5ml,2h内离心(3000r/min,10min)取得血清,分管置于-70℃冰箱中备用。hs_CRP用免疫散射比浊法检测(美国Beckman公司IMMAGE蛋白分析系统及配套试剂),血糖测定采用葡萄糖氧化酶法。血脂、肌酐等用全自动生化分析仪测定。冠脉狭窄程度的判断采用血管直径法:以血管直径狭窄>50%为冠心病,狭窄长度<10mm为局限性狭窄,狭窄长度在10~20mm之间为管状狭窄,狭窄长度>20mm为弥漫性狭窄。按病变血管所累及的血管支数分单支血管病变、双支血管病变、三支血管病变,严重的左主干病变记为双支血管病变。按照AHA分类,以15个节段中的4、8~10、12~15阶段处的末端发现病变作为末梢病变型。冠脉评分方法:根据Gensini评分系统[3]来确定冠脉粥样硬化严重程度。具体评定标准为:管腔狭窄1%~25%为1分,26%~50%为2分,51%~75%为3分,76%~90%为8分,91%~99%为16分,100%为32分。每位患者冠脉粥样硬化严重程度以积分和来表示,由固定专人计算冠脉病变积分。
1.3 统计学处理方法:统计分析使用SPSS11.5软件包。计量结果用x-±s表示,均数比较用t检验。计数资料组间比较用χ2检验。用直线相关方法进行相关分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者冠脉病变的比较及血hs_CRP水平和冠脉Gensini评分的关系:见表2。IFG组的冠脉多支病变、弥漫性病变和末梢病变发生率及血hs_CRP水平、冠脉病变积分均较对照组明显升高(P<0.05~0.01)。表2 两组患者冠脉造影结果比较及血hs_CRP和冠脉Gensini评分[例数(%) 注:两组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
2.2 直线相关分析显示,空腹血糖水平、血hs_CRP水平与冠脉病变Gensini评分呈正相关(r=0.2685,0.5232,均P<0.05)。
3 讨论
糖尿病是冠心病发生、发展的重要危险因素已有公论,但IFG与冠心病的关系报道不多且仍有争议。Hanefeld等[4]认为,糖耐量减低是冠心病死亡的危险因素,而IFG与冠心病死亡相关并不明显。周北凡等[5]在我国中年人群糖尿病和空腹糖调节受损对心血管病发病的预测价值中认为,IFG对于冠心病发病的相对危险虽然比血糖正常者有所增高,但未达到统计学显著意义。然而近期公布的《美国胆固醇防治指南》中则明确指出IFG是发生心血管疾病的独立危险因素,可促进冠状动脉粥样硬化,使心血管事件发生率显著增加。Coutinho等[6]汇总分析了6项平均随访12年有关空腹血糖数据的研究显示,空腹血糖与心血管病事件存在相对危险,空腹血糖6.10mmol/L与4.16mmol/L相比,心血管病事件的相对危险达到1.33倍(95% CI 1.06~1.67)。Anderson等[7]发现IFG>5.6mmol/L即与冠脉搭桥术术后病死率以及急性冠脉综合征病死率明显相关。本文资料显示在年龄、性别、身体质量指数、吸烟、血压、TC、TG、HDL、LDL_C、FPG和Cr等指标无显著性差异情况下,冠心病合并IFG患者较糖代谢正常者多支冠脉病变发生率明显增高,病变呈弥漫性狭窄,冠状动脉狭窄性病变较重。提示IFG与冠脉病变有关,并可能因此而增加心血管病事件发生。
Guerrero等发现IFG者存在胰岛素抵抗及胰岛B细胞功能异常,IFG患者空腹状态下的胰岛素敏感性差,有明显的高胰岛素血症[8]。Schwartz等[9]研究表明胰岛素抵抗及继发的高胰岛素血症通过激发细胞内信号转导通路而导致血管炎症反应和细胞功能失调,从而促进动脉粥样硬化。而hs_CRP作为炎症的急性时相蛋白中最敏感的指标,其水平的升高与心血管危险性呈正相关,并被认为是致心血管疾病的独立危险因子[10]。本文发现冠心病合并IFG患者血hs_CRP水平升高且和冠状动脉病变程度之间存在正相关。提示IFG者易合并更为严重冠脉病变的机制可能与高胰岛素血症促冠脉炎症反应密切相关。
临床上冠心病合并IFG患者并非少见,而冠心病患者在糖尿病前期的IFG阶段就已经发生了较严重冠脉炎症和狭窄性病变。我们对此类患者不但要早期发现,更应加强早期干预糖代谢异常和抑制炎症反应以有效地阻止冠状动脉病变进展和预防心血管事件发生。
【参考文献】
[1]World Health Organisation. Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications1 Report of a WHO consultation. Part1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus1 Geneva: World Health Organisation,1999.
[2]Lim SC, Tai ES, Tan BY, et al. Cardiovascular risk profile in individuals with borderline glycemia: the effect of the 1997 American Diabetes Association Diagnostic Criteria and the 1998 World Health Organization Provisional Report[J].Diabetes Care,2000,23(3):278-282.
[3]Gensini GG. A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease[J].Am J Cardiol, 1983,51(3):606-607.
[4]Hanefeld M, Temelkova_Kurktschiev T, Schaper F, et al. Impaired fasting glucose is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis[J]. DiabetesMed,1999,16(3):212-218.
[5]周北凡,刘小清,武阳丰,等.我国中年人群糖尿病和空腹血糖异常对心血管病发病的预测价值[J].中华心血管病杂志,2003,31(3):226-230.
[6]Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, et al.The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events: a metaregression analysis of publised data from 20 studies of 95783 individvals followed for 12.4 years[J]. Diabetes Care,1999,22:(2) 233-240.
[7]Anderson RE, Klerdal K, Ivert T, et al. Are even impaired fasting blood glucose levels preoperatively associated with increased mortality after CABG surgery[J] Eur Heart J,2005,26(15):1513-1518.
[8]Guerrero_Romero F, Rodriguez_Moran M. Impaired glucose tolerance is a more advanced stage of alteration in the glucose metabolism than impaired fasting glucose[J]. J Diabetes Complicat,2001,15(1):34-37.
[9]Schwartz EA, Reaven PD. Molecular and signaling mechanisms of atherosclerosis in insulin resistance[J]. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am,2006,35(3):525-549.
[10]Hoffmeister HM, Ehlers R, Buttcher E, et al. Relationship between minor myocardial damage and inflammatory acute_phase reaction in acute coronary syndromes[J]. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2003,15(1):33-39.