经超声测量的内脏脂肪及心外膜脂肪组织厚度对代谢综合征的诊断预测价值
发表时间:2010-01-05 浏览次数:631次
经超声测量的内脏脂肪及心外膜脂肪组织厚度对代谢综合征的诊断预测价值作者:赖长春,童跃锋,徐永远,胡智星,李浙成,吕炜俊,王云乡,柳泽华,应显星 作者单位:永康市第一人民医院心内科,浙江 永康 【摘要】 目的 评价内脏脂肪厚度(VAT)和心外膜脂肪组织厚度(EAT)对代谢综合征(MS)的诊断预测价值。方法 对210例符合入选标准的健康体检对象进行腰围、空腹血生化测定并用超声测量VAT、EAT。根据国际糖尿病联盟MS标准,分为MS组和非MS组,用SPSS1 2.0软件进行比较分析。结果 男女VAT在MS组均高于非MS组(P<0.01),而EAT在男性MS组高于非MS组(P<0.05),女性则两组之间无显著差异;无论男女VAT和EAT均和腰围成正相关。经年龄、性别、腰围调整后,VAT和收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白B、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数成正相关,和胰岛素敏感指数成负相关;EAT和空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数成正相关,和胰岛素敏感指数成负相关。经超声测量的VAT、EAT诊断MS的ROC曲线下面积分别为男性为0.74、0.73,女性为0.79、0.63,诊断切点值分别为男性为43.5mm、5.53mm,女性为23.8mm、7.95mm。两种方法ROC曲线下面积比较,无论男女均无显著差异。结论 由超声测量的VAT、EAT均可作为内脏型肥胖简便、可靠和实用的评价指标,和MS关系密切,可作为MS患者无创的协同诊断方法之一。 【关键词】 超声检查;内脏脂肪厚度;心外膜脂肪组织厚度;代谢综合征;ROC曲线 To Evaluate the Diagnostic Predictive value of Visceral Adipose Thickness and Epicardial adipose Thickness in the Patients with Metabolism Syndrome. LAI Chang_chun, TONG Yao_feng, XU Yong_yuan, et al. Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yongkang, Zhejiang 321300,China [Abstract] Objective To evaluate the diagnostic predictive value of two non_invasive detections, visceral adipose thickness (VAT) and epicardial adipose thickness (EAT) in the patients with metabolism syndrome (MS). Methods Two hundreds and ten study subjects who were from health examination center were enrolled in this study. According to the new standard of MS issued by international diabetes federation, they were divided into two groups: MS group and control group. Each subject was measured the waist circumference and blood biochemical indexes and was estimated cardiac parameters、VAT and EAT by ultrasonagraphy. All data were compared by software of SPSS 12.0. Results VAT was significantly higher in MS group than that in control group (P<0.01) both in men and in women. However, EAT in men was significantly higher in MS group than that in control group (P<0.05), but in women there was no significant difference between MS group and control group. VAT and EAT in men and women were both positive correlated with waist circumference. After adjusting for age, sex and waist circumference, VAT was positively correlated with blood pressure,triglyceride, apolipoprotein B、fast insulin and insulin resistance index, and was negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index; EAT was positively correlated with fast insulin and insulin resistance index and was negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index. One non_invasive way in the diagnosis for MS is VAT measured by ultrasonography, the area under ROC curve of VAT in the diagnosis of MS is 0.74 in men, 0.79 in women, appropriate cut_offs of VAT for men is 43.5mm,for women is 23.8mm. Another non_invasive way in the diagnosis of MS is EAT measured by ultrasonography, the area under ROC curve is 0.73 in men, 0.63 in women, appropriate cut_offs for men is 5.53mm, for women is 7.95mm. There was no significant difference for the area under ROC curve of VAT and EAT in men and women. Conclusions VAT and EAT measured by ultrasonography seem to be simple and practical for the assessment of visceral obesity. They are both closely associated with MS and can be noninvasive ways in the collaborative diagnosis for MS. [Key words] Ultrasonography; Visceral adipose thickness; Epicardial adipose thickness; Metabolism syndrome; ROC curve 随着我国经济的快速发展和人民生活方式的改变,以肥胖、糖、脂肪代谢紊乱和高血压集为一体的代谢综合征(MS)发病率急剧升高,由MS导致的心血管损害也明显增多。不同部位脂肪在参与机体的代谢作用有所差异,而内脏型肥胖在MS的各个组成部分的发展中起关键作用[1],国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)颁布的MS标准强调内脏型肥胖为MS诊断的前提。CT和核磁共振(MRI)是目前公认的内脏脂肪测量的方法,但CT和MRI扫描耗时耗费,CT要暴露于射线之下,因此需要简单易行和实用的方法来评价内脏型肥胖。国外的研究[1,2]证实经超声测量的内脏脂肪厚度(VAT)、心外膜脂肪组织厚度(EAT)和CT、MRI的测量有很好的相关性,可用于评价内脏型肥胖,但经超声测量的EAT和VAT和MS的关系尚需进一步证实。本研究通过超声检测VAT、EAT,利用ROC曲线探讨其对MS的诊断预测价值。1 资料和方法 1.1 一般资料:入选病例为我院健康体检人群,排除妊娠、内分泌疾病如柯兴氏综合征和甲状腺功能减退和体检前3个月体重减轻大于/等于3公斤者。共210例,年龄23~84(平均46.3±11.6)岁。其中符合MS的65例,男45例,女20例,平均年龄(49.9±11.3)岁;非MS组145例,男97例,女48例,平均年龄(44.6±11.5)岁。MS的诊断按2005年4月国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)颁布的新的全球性MS标准[3]。 1.2 方法:(1)对入选病例进行腰围、血压测量,并抽取空腹静脉血,测定空腹血糖、血脂、尿酸及胰岛素浓度。计算稳态模式评估法的胰岛素抵抗指数=(空腹血糖浓度×空腹胰岛素浓度)/22.5,胰岛素敏感指数=1/(空腹血糖浓度×空腹胰岛素浓度)。(2)超声测量:采用PHILIPS SONOS 5500多功能彩超诊断仪进行检测。VAT的测定:探头位于脐上1cm,探头频率3.5MHz,从腹直肌内缘至大动脉前壁的距离[4];EAT的测定:探头频率2~4MHz,受检查者取左侧卧位,胸骨旁长轴和短轴的二维和M超,记录≥10个心动周期,测量右室游离壁脂肪组织的厚度,取其平均值。为排除性别、年龄和腰围对VAT、EAT与血压及各代谢指标间相关关系的影响,对年龄、性别和腰围进行调整,并分为调整前组和调整后组。 1.3 统计学处理:数据统计用SPSS 12.0软件包,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,采用t检验,非正态分布自变量取自然对数正态化后进行分析,VAT、EAT和腰围、血压和各代谢指标的两两相关采用Pearson's相关分析,排除性别、年龄和腰围的影响采用偏相关分析。利用ROC曲线了解VAT、EAT对MS的诊断价值并根据最大约登指数确定诊断切点值。2 结果 2.1 两组VAT、EAT的比较:男女MS组的VAT均显著高于非MS组(P<0.01),EAT在男性MS组大于非MS组(P<0.05),女性两组之间无明显差异,见表1。采用Pearson's相关分析显示,男女VAT和EAT均和WC成正相关(男r=0.61,0.38,女r=0.60,0.53,P<0.01)。表1 男女MS和非MS组VAT、EAT的比较注:与非MS组比较:*P<0.05,**P<0.01 表2 未调整和用年龄性别和WC调整后的VAT、EAT和血压及各代谢指标的相关关系注:VAT:内脏脂肪厚度;EAT:心外膜脂肪组织厚度;SBP:收缩压;DBP:舒张压;UA:尿酸;FPG:空腹血糖;TG:甘油三脂;TC:血清总胆固醇;HDL_L:高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL_C:低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;apoB:载脂蛋白B;FINS:空腹血清胰岛素浓度;HOMA_IR:稳态模式评估法的胰岛素抵抗指数;INSI:胰岛素敏感指数 2.2 调整前和调整后VAT、EAT与血压和各代谢指标的相关关系:VAT、EAT均和收缩压、舒张压、尿酸、空腹血糖、甘油三脂、空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数成正相关(P<0.05或0.01),和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素敏感指数成负相关(P<0.01);VAT还和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B成正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。经性别、年龄、腰围调整后VAT和收缩压、舒张压、甘油三脂、载脂蛋白B、空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数成正相关,和胰岛素敏感指数成负相关(分别r=0.22,0.20,0.23,0.18,0.22,0.24,-0.24,P<0.05或P<0.01);EAT和空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数成正相关,和胰岛素敏感指数成负相关(分别r=0.18,0.21,-0.21,P<0.05),见表2。 2.3 经超声测量的VAT、EAT对MS的诊断价值:利用SPSS12.0统计软件绘出ROC曲线,曲线下面积(AUC)大于50%越多其诊断价值越大,并根据约登指数值的最大点作为诊断分界点(图1、图2)。如图所示,经超声测量VAT预测MS存在的ROC曲线下面积,男性是0.74,诊断敏感性66.67%,特异性71.13%,诊断切点值43.5mm;女性是0.79,诊断敏感性90%,特异性60.42%,诊断切点值23.8mm。而EAT的ROC曲线下面积,男性是0.73,敏感性91.11%,特异性47.42%,诊断切点值是5.53mm;女性是0.63,敏感性50.0%,特异性76.6%,诊断最佳切点值7.95mm。两种指标的ROC曲线下面积均>50%,但男女比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。VAT:内脏脂肪厚度;EAT:心外膜脂肪组织厚度;MS代谢综合征3 讨论 目前认为,即使脂肪总量相同的人群,其体内脂肪分布也不同,而内脏型肥胖比均匀性肥胖更能预测MS的发生。在评价内脏性肥胖的几种方法中,最简单的是人体测量指标如体重指数、WC、腰臀比、腹壁高度或颈围,这些指标具有快速、简单和无创的优点,但由于不能直接定量腹内和皮下脂肪,因此具有相同WC或腰臀比的人群中,皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪的量却有可能不同。上世纪九十年代始,CT和MRI成为定量内脏脂肪的最准确、可靠的测量方法,但CT和MRI扫描耗时耗费,CT还需暴露于射线之下,因此难于普及。国外研究证实[4~6]超声能够用来定量内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪,评价内脏型肥胖,而且和CT、MRI测量的内脏脂肪具有很好的相关性[1、2]。本文结果显示经超声测量的VAT、EAT均和国际上确立的内脏型肥胖的人体测量指标WC有很好的相关性(男性r=0.61,0.38,女性r=0.60,0.53,P<0.01)。与WC和CT、MRI的测量综合比较,经超声测量的VFT和EAT更具一定优越性。从相关系数来看,VAT对内脏型肥胖的评估优于EAT,尤其对于男性。 有报告内脏脂肪组织已不仅是供能量储备的终末分化器官,还是一个具有多种内分泌、自分泌和旁分泌功能的内分泌器官[7];Gianluca等[8]发现,心外膜脂肪组织是一个远较机体其它脂库更具有代谢活性的器官,可高速率释放游离脂肪酸和产生大量生物活性分子,如脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子_α、单核细胞趋化蛋白_1、白介素_1β、白介素_6、白介素_6可溶受体、抵抗素,但其抗氧化能力明显减弱。血清游离脂肪酸水平升高能增加肝糖异生,促进基础状态胰岛素分泌并使肝脏清除胰岛素的能力下降,最终造成高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗[9],而高胰岛素血症又是众多代谢病和心血管疾病的致病基础。本文显示,VAT、EAT和MS的血压及多项代谢异常指标关系密切,在性别、年龄、腰围调整后,VAT、EAT和空腹胰岛素浓度、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素敏感指数均显著相关,表明VAT、EAT可较好地反映机体的高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗状态,并可能参与MS的发生发展。有报告经CT测得内脏脂肪面积大于130cm2和心血管事件高风险性相关[10],提示VAT、EAT还可用于评估心血管事件发生的风险,可能是一个新的危险因子。 由VAT、EAT和MS关系的ROC曲线显示,无论男女ROC曲线下面积均>50%,比较无显著差异,并有较好的敏感性和特异性,提示VAT、EAT可作为MS无创协同诊断方法之一,其诊断MS的切点值男性为43.5mm、5.53mm,女性为23.8mm、7.95mm。 总之,超声测量的VAT、EAT均可作为评价内脏型肥胖简便、可靠和实用的评价指标,还可用于评估心血管事件发生的风险。两指标和MS关系密切,可作为MS患者无创的协同诊断方法之一。【参考文献】 [1]Gianluca Iacobellis, Maria Cristina Ribaudo, Fillippo Assael, et al.Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: A new indicator of cardiovascular risk[J]. 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