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《血液病学》

基因重组人凝血因子Ⅷ在中国人血友病A患者中使用的研究

发表时间:2010-05-11  浏览次数:424次

  作者:刘欣 作者单位:安徽医科大学附属省立医院血液科,合肥 230001

  关键字:基因重组人凝血因子Ⅷ在中国人血友病A患者中使用的研究

  Recombinant Factor Ⅷ for Treatment of Patients with Hemophilia A in China

  LIU Xin,WU Jingsheng, SUN Ping,ZHU Weibo,CAI Xiaoyan,ZHENG Changcheng,WANG Xingbing,YANG Huizhi,HAN Yongsheng

  (Department of Hematology,Anhui Provincial Hospital,Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001,china)

  Abstract: Objectives To explore the safety and efficacy of recombinant factor Ⅷ(Kogenate FS)for treatment of patients with hemophilia A in China.Methods 14 patients with hemophilia A were treated with the secondgeneration recombinant factor Ⅷ product(Kogenate FS).The factor Ⅷ antibodies,factor Ⅷ activities,HBV,HCV, HIV,blood routine,urine routine,stool routine,liver function and renal function were detected before the treatment.The detection of factor Ⅷ activities were performed at 10 min and 60 min after the first dose.The factor Ⅷ antibodies,liver functions and renal functions were detected after the treatment.Results The doses of Kogenate FS which treated for 14 patients with hemophilia A were 12.99~25.00 u/kg(mean 18.74 u/kg) and the total doses were 3 000~11 000 u(mean 6 570 u).The time from the initial treatment to bleeding stoping or improving was 1.5~5.5 d(mean 3.29 d).It was observed that the factorⅧ activities at 10 min and 60 min after the first dose significantly increased(P<0.01).Among 14 patients,13 showed the effect,one improved,overall response rate was 100%.There were two patients detected positive for factor Ⅷ antibodies.One’s factor Ⅷ antibodie was beyond 5 Bu,who’s factor Ⅷ activitie at 10 min and 60 min after the first dose had no significantly increased but the bleeding symptom was improved.The other’s factor Ⅷ antibodie was 4BU,who’s factor Ⅷ activitie at 10 min and 60 min after the first dose had significantly increased and the factor Ⅷ antibodie became negative after the treatment.There was no sideeffect in all patients.Conclusion The secondgeneration recombinant factor Ⅷ product(Kogenate FS)was safe,efficacious and welltolerated for treatment of patients with hemophilia A in China.Key words: Recombinant factor Ⅷ; Hemophilia A; Factor Ⅷ inhibitor

  血友病A是由凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)缺乏和(或)FⅧ功能缺陷所引起的X染色体连锁的隐性遗传性出血性疾病,目前对血友病A的治疗仍以FⅧ替代疗法为主,一般多采用输注新鲜全血、新鲜血浆或新鲜冷冻血浆、冷沉淀物和FⅧ浓缩制剂等方法。我们采用第二代基因重组人凝血因子Ⅷ(rFⅧ)(Kogenate FS)治疗14例血友病A志愿者患者,取得了较好疗效。

  1 资料与方法

  1.1 病例资料 14例血友病A志愿者患者均为我院确诊的住院病例,男性,年龄 9~59岁(中位数年龄20.5岁)。反复出血病史 6~10 年以上,曾经应用含FⅧ的血浆制品和FⅧ浓缩制剂的累计治疗天数为 20~100 d。其中重型6例,中型6例,轻型2例。关节血肿 8 例,肌肉及软组织血肿1例,泌尿系统出血 3 例,上消化道出血 1 例,口腔外伤性出血 1 例。

  1.2 第二代rFⅧ(Kogenate FS) Kogenate FS通过中国药监局同意由美国拜耳公司捐赠(见《食药监办函[2005]195号“关于同意捐赠重组人凝血因子进口的复函”》。14例血友病A志愿者患者均采用 Kogenate FS 治疗,患者在治疗前签署知情同意书。Kogenate FS 用法和用量为每次1 000 u,静脉注射,每隔 12 h 一次。

  1.3 实验室检测指标 用药前进行FⅧ抗体、FⅧ:C活性、血清病毒学(HBV、HCV 和 HIV)、血常规、尿常规、大便常规以及肝肾功能检查,于第一次用药后 10 min 和 60 min 进行FⅧ:C活性测定,治疗结束后进行FⅧ抗体和肝肾功能检测。

  1.4 疗效判断标准 显效:出血停止,且第一次用药 10 min 或 60 min FⅧ:C活性升高到预期水平;好转:出血症状改善;无效:出血症状无改善或加重。

  1.5 统计学处理 采用成对资料比较的t检验。

  2 结 果

  2.1 采用 Kogenate FS治疗的14例血友病A志愿者患者中,Kogenate FS用量12.9925.00 u/kg (平均18.74 u/kg),总用量3 000~11 000 u (平均6 570 u),自治疗至出血停止或出血症状改善所需的时间为1.5~5.5 d(平均3.29 d),除1例FⅧ抗体滴度较高者外,其余13例患者第一次用药后10 min和60 min FⅧ:C活性均明显升高,用药前后FⅧ:C活性比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。显效13例(占92.86%),好转1例(占7.14%),总有效率为100%。14例血友病A志愿者患者用药前后临床资料和FⅧ:C活性比较见表1和表2。表1 14例血友病A志愿者患者用药前后临床资料病例表2 14例血友病A志愿者患者用药前后FⅧ:C活性比较

  2.2 14例血友病A志愿者患者中用药前FⅧ抗体阳性2例,其中1例FⅧ抗体>5 Bu,用药前FⅧ:C活性为1.6%,第一次用药后10 min和60 min FⅧ:C活性分别为2.0%和2.1%,FⅧ:C活性无明显升高,治疗结束后FⅧ抗体仍然>5 Bu,但出血症状改善;另1例FⅧ抗体为4Bu,用药前FⅧ:C活性为2.4%,第一次用药后10 min和60 min FⅧ:C活性分别为51.7%和52.2%,FⅧ:C活性显著升高,治疗结束后FⅧ抗体转为阴性。

  2.3 14例血友病A志愿者患者在应用Kogenate FS治疗期间和治疗结束后均表现出良好的耐受性,无不良事件或药物不良反应发生。

  3 讨 论

  血友病A是由FⅧ基因先天性缺陷所引起的X染色体连锁的隐性遗传性出血性疾病,其分子发生机制尚未完全明确,研究认为FⅧ基因内含子22倒位和错义突变分别是重型和轻中型血友病A发生的主要机制[1],而大约5%的重型血友病A患者发病机制与FⅧ基因内含子1倒位有关[2]。采用携带FⅧ基因的逆转录病毒载体(RV)、基因修饰循环内皮细胞使其携带正常FⅧ基因以及基因修饰干细胞等基因治疗方法尚在少数动物实验或临床试验阶段[35]。目前对血友病A的治疗仍以FⅧ替代疗法为主,但传统的含FⅧ的血浆制品和FⅧ浓缩制剂治疗有导致发热与过敏反应、溶血反应、病毒(HBV、HCV、HIV等)感染、FⅧ抗体产生、免疫抑制等并发症的危险性。rFⅧ通过基因克隆技术表达,1990年通过美国FDA批准,其生物学活性和半衰期与血浆FⅧ相似,安全,无病毒污染,但价格昂贵,主要用于重型血友病A和FⅧ抑制物的治疗。加拿大与爱尔兰几乎所有血友病A患者和美国70%重型血友病A患者采用rFⅧ治疗。第一代rFⅧ利用人体白蛋白作为稳定剂,第二代rFⅧ利用蔗糖代替白蛋白作为稳定剂,但其生物学活性与生化特性基本同血浆制品,无免疫活性,具有更安全和有效的双重特点,能有效地治疗血友病A患者的出血倾向,产生FⅧ抗体较少见,无明显不良反应[6,7]。本组结果表明,第二代rFⅧ(Kogenate FS)治疗中国人血友病A患者耐受性好,安全有效。在目前中国血源紧张的情况下,积极引进rFⅧ也可解决血友病A患者血制品供不应求的困难。FⅧ抑制物是一种可中和FⅧ:C活性的抗体,大约有20%的血友病A患者在应用FⅧ制剂输注后产生FⅧ抗体,对于产生FⅧ抑制物患者的临床治疗较为困难,通常剂量的FⅧ制剂输注无效[8]。本组结果还提示常规剂量的第二代rFⅧ(Kogenate FS)治疗低抗体滴度(<5 Bu)的血友病A患者有效,而对于FⅧ抗体滴度较高的患者则需要增大Kogenate FS的用量或采用其他如FⅧ旁路制剂、猪FⅧ浓缩制剂、免疫治疗等治疗方法。

  【参考文献】

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