92例血友病临床分析及相关传染病调查
发表时间:2010-03-11 浏览次数:540次
作者:梁玲,曾淑燕 作者单位:广东省人民医院,广州 510080 【摘要】 目的 对血友病A和B患者从临床症状、实验室检查、相关传染病进行分析。方法 92例血友病患者,74例血友病A,18例血友病B,从发病年龄、出血部位、家族史、测其血小板数、PT、aPTT、TT、FⅧ:C、FⅨ:C、因子抑制物、乙肝二对半、HCV、HIV。结果 血友病A和B以及关节出血,皮下血肿发生,多自家族史,aPTT明显延长,88.3±42.84和79.90±31.68 s,血友病A FⅧ:C F17.25±8.24%,血友病B3.83±3.64%,FⅧ抑制物4.1%,血友病B未见HIV出现。结论 血友病A发病率大于血友病B为4.1∶1;血友病A较血友病B易产生抑制物;在治疗过程中,应注意相关传染病的传播
【关键词】 血友病A、B ; 凝血因子Ⅷ、Ⅸ活性
Clinical Analysis and Related Infection Disease Survey of 92 Patients with Hemoppilia
LIANG Ling , ZENG Shuyan
( Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510080,China)
Abstract: Objective To analysis the patients with hemophilia A and B in clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and relalet infection diseases . Methods: The platelet , prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),thrombin time(TT), factor Ⅷ: coagulant (FⅧ:c), factor Ⅺ coagulant(FⅪ:C), factor Ⅷ: inhibitor, mark of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV,HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) were tested in 92 patients with hemophilia .(72 patients with hemophilia A and 18 patients with hemophilia B). Results aPTT were important longer 88.3±42.84 s and 77.90±31.68 s respective in the patients with hemophilia A and B; the FⅧ:C were 17.25±8.24% in the patients with hemophilia A and FⅪC were 3.83±3.64% in the patients with hemophilia B. The factor Ⅷ inhibitors appeared 4.1%. None inhibitor in hemophilia B. The positive rates of HCV were 6.7% and 5.5% respective in the patients with hemophilia A and B. None HIV. Conclusion: The incidence rate of hemophilia A was higher than hemophilia B (4.1∶1). The inhibitor of hemophilia A was more than hemophilia B. In the treatment, we should attented to concerns regarding the risk of viral transmission.
Key words : Hemophilia A and B ; FⅧ:C and FⅪ:C
血友病A和B是常见的伴性隐性遗传性出血性疾病。是由于血浆内缺乏凝血因子Ⅷ和Ⅸ而出现自发性出血和外伤后出血不止。发生率约3~4/10万人口。男性发病,终生需要输注凝血因子Ⅷ或Ⅸ、新鲜冰冻血浆、冷沉淀物,但会有传播传染病的危险[1,2]。本文对广东地区,我院就诊的92例血友病人临床症状,实验室检查、治疗及HCV、HIV感染进行分析[3,4]。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料 1992年~2003年在我院就诊、住院 的92例血友病人,全部为男性,发病情况及发病年龄见表1,临床出血情况及家庭史见表2。表1 血友病发病情况及发病年龄 表2 血友病临床出血情况及家庭史
1.2 方法 对92例血友病(A、B)患者和对照组30例男性健康体检组、年龄17.2±10.8岁进行血小板计数、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)、凝血因子Ⅸ活性(FⅨ:C)、乙肝二对半、丙型肝炎抗体(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒、爱滋病病毒抗体(AntiHIV)、凝血因子抑制物进行检测(aPTT交叉试验,Bethesda法)
2 结 果
2.1 血友病患者凝血试验检查见表3,免疫学检查见表4表3 血友病患者凝血试验检查*与对照组比较差异有非常显著性表4 相关感染病调查结果
2.2 治疗 全部病人用替代治疗,统计病例均为住院治疗者。情况见表5。表5 血友病人治疗情况
3 讨 论
血友病A、B是常见的、严重的遗传性出血性疾病,因都是伴性隐性遗传,均是男发病。血友病A多于血友病B,为4.1∶1,与文献中提及血友病A的发病率高于血友病B相符,也可能与血友病A出血较血友病B严重,而有些轻型血友病B的患者没有就诊有关。血友病的主要出血部位是关节,肌肉血肿、皮下血肿。自发出血及损伤后出血。家族史约60%右左,这可能与独生子女和隐性遗传的关系。
血友病患者因是缺乏Ⅷ因子(血友病A)或Ⅸ因子(血友病B),Ⅷ、Ⅸ均是内源系统的因子,故全部患者aPTT均不同程度的延长,并有Ⅷ:C或Ⅸ:C的降低。因子的抑制却出现仅是血友病A者占4.1%,这与我国血友病患者经济条件的关系,预防性注射因子的替代治疗较少有关。因此,广东地区血友病患者感染传染病的发生率也较低。乙型肝炎的感染是注射途径感染或是母体接触感染,仍待进一步调查。本组HIV感染为0,但国内报道并非全为阴性[5]。HCV的感染仍存在于上世纪90年代(1,2)。近年来我国大力开展注射预防乙肝病毒疫苗和输血方法加强了对献血员的检查及采血器材及血样的消毒,大大减少了医源性病毒的传播。科学技术的进步对浓缩因子制剂的病原体的灭活的改进,也大大减少了传染病的传播。[6]
【参考文献】[1] HORITA K.Treatment of a patient with hemophilia A and hepatitis C virusrelated cirrhosis by livingrelated liver transplantation from an obligate carrier donor[J]. Transplantation, 2002, ,73(12): 19091912.
[2] FRIED MW, PETER J, HOOTS K, et al. Hepatitis C in adults and adolescents with hemophilia: a randomized, controlled trial of interferon alfa2b and ribavirin[J]. Hepatology, 2002, ,36(4 ,):967972.
[3] 丁培芳,张心声,李钦伟,等.1992~2000年血友病甲患者HCV、HBV、HDV和梅毒感染情况调查分析[J].血栓与止血学,2002,8(03):115117
[4] QUAN CM,KRAJDEN M,GRIGORIEW GA. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus[J]. Clin Infec Dis,1993,17:117119.
[5] 王江蓉,刘惜年,黄琴,等.血友病合并HIV/HCV感染者肝功能异常的相关因素分析[J].中国艾滋病性病,2006,12(5):415417.
[6] GIANGRANDE P L. Blood products for hemophilia: Past, present and futue[J]. BioDrags, 2004,18(4):225235.