脑梗死与颈动脉斑块及血脂的相关性分析
发表时间:2010-08-18 浏览次数:399次
作者:沈丽华,柯开富,顾晓苏,吴二兵,陈 翔 作者单位:南通大学附属医院神经内科,南通 226001
【摘要】目的:探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及血脂代谢的关系。方法:对70例脑梗死患者(病例组)和38名正常体检者(对照组)行动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉硬化斑块,同时检测两组的血浆脂质代谢水平,包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]。结果:病例组70例,斑块检出率70.0%(49/70), 明显高于对照组的18.4%(7/38)(P<0.01);同时比较两组的TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和LP(a)水平。脑梗死组血浆TC、LDL-C水平高于对照组(P<0.05),其它血脂指标无显著差异,而LDL-C/HDL-C比值在两组有明显差异(P<0.01)。将病例组按颈动脉斑块的有无分为脑梗死+斑块组(CI+P)、脑梗死无斑块组(CI-P),发现CI+P组LDL-C、HDL-C较CI-P组分别有升高、下降趋势,但各自差异无显著统计学意义,而研究LDL-C/HDL-C比值则CI+P组明显高于CI-P组(P<0.05)。结论:脑梗死发病与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块密切相关; 高血浆TC、LDL-C水平促发脑梗死的发生,分析LDL-C/HDL-C水平与脑梗死的发生有很大的相关性,尤其对有颈动脉粥样斑块的脑梗死有重要意义。
【关键词】 脑梗死 颈动脉斑块 血脂
Study on the correlation among cerebral infarction,carotid atherosclerotic plaque and plasma lipoprotein
SHEN Lihua, KE Kaifu, GU Xiaosu, et al (Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001)
[Abstract] Objective:To study the correlation among cerebral infarction,carotid atherosclerotic plaque and plasma lipopro-tein. Methods: The carotid atherosclerotic plaque was performed with color doppler ultrasonography and the plasma lipoprotein was measured in 70 patients with cerebral infarction(CI) and 38 cases of controls matched in sex and age. CI patients were divided into two groups: cerebral infarction with plaque group (CI+P,n = 49) and cerebral infarction without plaque group (CI-P,n=21). Results: (1) The incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque was 70.0% in CI and 18.4% in controls. There was significant difference(P<0.01) between two groups; (2) Plasma total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were higher in CI than in controls(P<0.05) and LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly higher in CI group(P<0.01); (3)LDL-C and HDL-C had more increasing and decreasing tendency in CI+P than in CI-P respectively, but no statistical difference was found. The level of LDL - C/HDL-C was analysed, and it was significantly higher in CI+P than in CI-P(P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a close correlation between carotid atherosclerotic plaque and cerebral infarction. High plasma TC and LDL-C contribute to the currence of CI. Analysis of LDL-C/HDL-C is very helpful to CI diagnosis, especially to CI with carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
[Key words] Cerebral infarction; Carotid atherosclerotic plaque; Plasma lipoprotein
脑梗死发病率、致残率高,动脉粥样硬化性斑块是导致脑梗死的主要病理基础之一,是国内外研究的热点。本文通过对70 例脑梗死患者进行了颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,同时检测血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和脂蛋白(a),并与38 例门诊健康体检者对比, 探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及血脂代谢的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 病例组为本院神经内科2007年1月~12月的脑梗死住院患者,男39例,女31例;年龄41~85岁,平均66.95±10.95岁。脑梗死诊断均符合1995年全国第四届脑血管疾病学术会议制定诊断标准。并经脑CT或磁共振成像(MRI)证实。对照组38名为我院健康体检者,年龄40~83岁,平均63.61±9.1岁,年龄、性别与病例组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2 观察指标及仪器 采用菲力普—2133 彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率6 MHz,常规检查双侧颈总动脉(CCA)、颈动脉分叉部(BIF)、颈内动脉(ICA)、椎动脉(VA)。诊断颈动脉粥样斑块标准:局部隆起,增厚,向管内突出,厚度>1.3 mm。
1.3 血浆脂质检查方法 禁食12 h 后, 血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇采用日立7600仪用氧化酶法测定;LP(a)采用免疫透射比浊法。
1.4 统计学方法 采用Stata 7.0统计软件,经t检验进行统计学分析。
2 结 果
2.1 病例组与对照组斑块检出率 病例组70例, 检出斑块者49例,斑块检出率70.0%;对照组7例检出斑块,斑块检出率18.4%,两组斑块检出率比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。比较脑梗死组和对照组的血浆脂质代谢水平发现脑梗死组血浆TC、LDL-C水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其它血脂指标无统计学意义(P>0.05),同时发现LDL-C/HDL-C比值两组之间相比差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.01),见表1。
将病例组按颈动脉斑块的有无分为脑梗死+斑块组(CI+P)、脑梗死无斑块组(CI-P,cerebral infarction without plaque),发现CI+P组LDL-C、HDL-C较CI-P组分别有升高、下降趋势,但两者差异均无统计学意义,而LDL-C/HDL-C比值则CI+P组明显高于CI-P组(P<0.05),见表2。
3 讨 论
脑梗死是严重危害人类健康的疾病,具有较高的发病率、致残率和死亡率,研究表明动脉粥样硬化为脑梗死的病理基础[1~3],颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是脑卒中独立的危险因子,可作为脑梗死危险预测的重要指标[4]。本研究显示,病例组斑块检出率显著高于对照组, 提示脑梗死发病与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块密切相关。颈动脉斑块脱落形成栓子造成颅内血管栓塞、斑块导致管腔狭窄及血流动力学改变是引起脑缺血的主要机制。关于动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,国内外的大量研究认为其主要危险因素为高脂血症、高血压病、糖尿病、高龄等。脂类代谢紊乱是动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的独立危险因素之一, 其中胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白的升高是其最重要的因素[5,6]。动脉粥样硬化常发生于内皮的损伤处[7,8]。血浆中增高的LDL-C在受损的血管内皮下沉积引起炎性因子的释放、单核细胞的聚集[9];平滑肌细胞迁移进入内膜;内皮细胞产生自由基; LDL-C在氧自由基等作用下进行氧化修饰(ox-LDL);由单核细胞衍生而来的巨噬细胞在内皮下大量吞噬沉积的ox-LDL, 形成富含泡沫细胞的脂纹,逐渐形成粥样硬化斑块。当斑块突入管腔时,由于富含脂质或管壁应力的增大,斑块可发生破裂,暴露的脂质和胶原纤维可激活血小板,启动凝血反应形成血栓,脱落的粥样硬化斑块或血栓碎片亦可成为动脉-动脉脑栓塞的栓子。动脉粥样硬化主要累及循环系统的大中动脉,颈动脉是最易受累的部位之一,导致脑组织缺血。我们在研究过程中发现,脑梗死组与对照组相比,血清TC、LDL-C 水平明显升高,与文献的结果相一致[5],提示脂代谢异常,尤其是胆固醇的增高与颈动脉粥样斑块的形成关系密切。我们研究中还发现,脑梗死合并斑块组患者的LDL-C、HDL-C 水平与单纯脑梗死组相比有上升、下降趋势,可能由于病例数较少未发现两组之间的统计学意义,但发现LDL-C/HDL-C值在两组间差异有统计学意义。HDL从末梢组织细胞膜获得游离胆固醇(Free cholesterol,FC),在胆固醇酯转移蛋白介导下,最终使末梢组织的FC转送到肝脏实现胆固醇的逆向转运,可防止肝外细胞摄取过多的LDL,从而防止AS的发生[10,11];即高水平的LDL-C和低水平的HDL-C协同促发动脉粥样硬化的发生。本研究发现LDL-C/HDL-C比值在脑梗死组与对照组间差异有统计学意义,尤其与颈动脉有粥样硬化斑块的脑梗死的发生有明显的相关性。由于对照组有斑块的病例数太少未予分析统计。是否联合分析LDL-C/HDL-C值比单独LDL-C或HDL-C更能预测脑梗死及动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生还有待进一步研究。
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