氟芬合剂对全身麻醉脊柱手术患者血流动力学的影响
发表时间:2010-11-10 浏览次数:471次
作者:康吉龙,朱春锦 作者单位:延边大学附属医院 麻醉科,吉林 延吉
【摘要】 [目的]观察全身麻醉期间氟芬合剂对脊柱手术患者血压及心率的影响.[方法]选择40例需在全身麻醉下施行脊柱手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各为20例.观察组患者在手术开始前5min静脉注射给予氟芬合剂6mL,对照组给予等量生理盐水,观察手术开始后5,15,30,45min时患者血压及心率的变化情况.[结果]观察组患者手术开始后血压显著下降,心率逐渐减慢,45min时血压及心率接近麻醉前水平,与对照组比较,血压与心率变化均有显著性差异.[结论]在麻醉期间氟芬合剂可有效地降低血压,减慢心率,维持时间较长,可防止手术刺激所引起的血压升高及心率增快.
【关键词】 芬太尼;氟哌啶醇;全身麻醉;血液动力学现象
Effects of the innovar on hemodynamics during spinal surgery under general anesthesia
KANG Jilong, ZHU Chunjin
(Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China)
ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo observe the change of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate after the injection of innovar during general anesthesia.METHODS40 patients underwent spinal surgery during general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups: observation group and control group, each group included 20 cases. In observation group, each patient was intravenously injected with the innovar 6mL 5min before operation, patients in control group were injected with normal saline 6mL. At skin incision, the change of BP and heart rate were monitored at 5, 15, 30 and 45min, respectively.RESULTSIn observation group, the patients’ BP and heart rates were declined slowly. However, 45 min after operation, both were closed to the level before anesthesia, and there was significant difference as compared with control group. CONCLUSIONThe innovar can decrease the patients’ BP and heart rate efficiently for a period of time, and it can also prevent the increase of BP and heart rate caused by the stimulation of operation and maintain the patients.
Key words:fentanyl;haloperidol;anesthesia;hemodynamic phenomena
全身麻醉状态下手术刺激可引起交感神经兴奋,引发血压升高,心率增快,可导致心力衰竭及脑出血等并发症,尤其是脊柱手术病人血压升高可使出血量增多,不能保证清晰的手术视野,影响手术操作.为减轻及预防手术初期患者血压升高及心率增快,延边大学附属医院麻醉科给脊柱手术患者术前应用氟芬合剂,获得了良好的效果.
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选择40例需在全身麻醉下行脊柱手术的病人,年龄为42~65岁;体重为48~85kg;ASA分级为Ⅰ,Ⅱ级.将40例患者随机分为观察组及对照组,每组各为20例,两组患者性别、年龄及体重间均无统计学差异,具有可比性.两组患者术前一般状态良好,心、肺、肝及肾功能均无异常.
1.2 麻醉方法 麻醉前30min肌肉注射给予苯巴比妥钠0.1g及阿托品0.5mg,麻醉诱导期先后静脉注射咪唑安定0.1mg/kg,依托咪酯2.0mg/kg,芬太尼2.0μg/kg,仙林0.10mg/kg.手术开始前5min观察组患者静脉注射给予氟芬合剂(氟哌啶5mg,芬太尼0.2mg)6.0mL,对照组患者给予生理盐水6.0mL.麻醉维持期两组均给予20~30g/L安氟醚、丙伯酚4~5mg/(kg·h)及万可松8mg/h.
1.3 监测 应用多功能监测仪持续观察患者收缩压、心率、心电图及氧饱和度.记录麻醉前、手术开始前及手术开始后5,15,30,45min时收缩压及心率.
1.4 统计学处理 计量资料数据以均数±标准偏差(±SD)表示,组内以诱导前值为对照,行配对计量资料t检验,组间比较采用两组均数间t检验.
2 结果
2.1 对血压的影响 由表1可见,与麻醉前比较,对照组患者手术开始后5,15min时收缩压显著升高,相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),手术开始后30min时血压接近麻醉前水平;与麻醉前值及对照组比较,观察组患者手术开始后5,15,30min时收缩压显著下降,相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),45min时收缩压与麻醉前相比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).
2.2 对心率的影响 由表1可见,与麻醉前比较,对照组患者手术开始后5,15,30min时心率显著增快,相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);与麻醉前比较,观察组患者手术开始后5,15min时心率变化无显著性差异(P>0.05),30min时心率显著减慢,与麻醉前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),45min时心率接近麻醉前水平.表1 各组患者收缩血及心率变化情况(±SD)
3 讨论
手术过程中血压突然升高可给机体带来较多的不良影响,如出血量增加,引起低血容量或贫血;无法保证手术视野清晰度,影响手术操作的顺利进行;原有高血压者有可能引发心力衰竭及脑出血等并发症;冠心病患者心率突然增快时可加重心肌缺血,导致心肌梗死等.因此在麻醉期间必须保持患者血液动力学的稳定,以防止血压突然升高.在全身麻醉期间血压升高的原因与下列因素有关:1)气管内插管刺激引发反射性血压升高,心率加快;2)切皮时的机械刺激对机体的影响使血压升高明显;3)手术期间的内脏牵拉刺激亦可引起反射性血压升高;4)麻醉过浅亦是麻醉期间引起血压升高的常见原因[1].芬太尼是较常用的麻醉性镇痛药,镇痛作用强,可抑制手术应激反应[2].氟哌利多为镇静安定药,安定作用及镇吐作用分别为氯丙嗪的200,700倍,可增强麻醉性镇痛药的作用,亦具有轻度的α受体阻断作用,使血压轻度下降,且作用维持时间较长[3].因此,气管插管后即刻静脉注射给予氟芬合剂,可加强麻醉深度,不仅可抑制气管插管之后的心血管反应,且可抑制各种机械性刺激及牵拉反射,预防或治疗插管刺激、手术刺激及浅麻醉等因素导致的血压升高及心率增快,保证麻醉期间血液动力学的稳定.临床上常用的氟芬合剂比例为50∶1(氟哌啶5mg加芬太尼0.1mg),为了增强镇痛效果,增加麻醉深度,本观察采用了50∶2氟芬合剂,结果表明50∶2氟芬合剂的降低血压作用时间约为30~45min.总之,对ASAⅠ,Ⅱ级病人行气管插管后,于手术开始之前静脉注射给予50∶2氟芬合剂可有效地抑制切皮后患者血压增高及心率增快,且维持时间较长,可保证手术期间血流动力学的稳定.
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