脱氧氟尿苷术前口服化疗对胃癌组织PD-ECGF表达的影响及意义
发表时间:2009-06-08 浏览次数:762次
作者单位:温岭市第三人民医院,浙江 温岭 317523 【摘要】 [目的] 了解术前脱氧氟尿苷口服化疗对胃癌组织血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子(PD-ECGF)表达的影响及意义。[方法] 胃癌患者术前随机分为三组:组1:氟铁龙800mg/d~1200mg/d, 3~5天;组2:5-Fu 0.5+CF 200mg/d 静脉滴注,3~5天;组3:对照组。化疗结束后第1~2天行手术。切除标本采用免疫组化法及TUNEL法检测胃癌组织中PD-ECGF表达率及细胞凋亡指数(AI)。[结果] 全组PD-ECGF阳性率为51.9%。PD-ECGF表达率与根治切除、肿瘤侵犯深度、淋巴结转移、有无远处转移及UICC分期无关(P>0.05)。组1中PD-ECGF表达率(28.6%,4/18)明显低于组2(56.3%,9/16)及对照组(65.0%,13/20)(P=0.023)。AI在组1为14.39±9.49,组2为14.11±9.68,明显高于对照组(6.88±7.37)。在PD-ECGF阳性组中肿瘤细胞凋亡指数(8.12±5.19)明显低于阴性组(14.69±11.23),差异有显著性(F=7.409,P=0.009)。随访截止至2006年12月31日,50例获得随访,总的1、2、3、5年生存率分别为78.0%、58.8%、48.7%、48.7%。PD-ECGF阳性患者1、2、3、5年生存率分别为76.0%、56.0%、47.7%、47.7%;低于阴性组的80.0%、60.0%、52.0%、52.0%,但差异无显著性(χ2=0.177,P=0.674)。[结论] 术前脱氧氟尿苷口服化疗可降低胃癌组织中PD-ECGF表达率。PD-ECGF阳性表达患者的肿瘤细胞凋亡指数低于阴性组,倾向预后不良。
【关键词】 胃肿瘤
The Influences of Preoperative Oral 5′-DFUR Administration on PD-ECGF in Gastric Carcinoma
WANG Shi-fu1, ZHAO Wen-he2, DING Wei2, et al.
(1.Wenlin City Third People’s Hospital, Wenlin 317523, China;
2.The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China)
Abstract: [Purpose] To investigate the influences and significance of preoperative oral 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine(5′-DFUR) administration on expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) in gastric carcinoma. [Methods] The patients with gastric cancer were divided randomly into three groups, group 1, 5′-DFUR 800mg~1200mg per day for 3 to 5 days; group 2, 5-Fu 500mg + CF 200mg per day for 3 to 5 days; and group 3, the controls. Surgery was performed 1 or 2 days after chemotherapy. The expression of PD-ECGF and apoptosis index (AI) of gastric carcinoma cell were detected by immunohistochemical staining and in-situ TUNEL respectively. [Results] The positive expression rate of PD-ECGF was 51.9% in all patients with gastric cancers. PD-ECGF expression did not significantly correlate to radical resection, depth of invasion, lymphatic metastasis and UICC staging(P>0.05). The rate of PD-ECGF expression in group 1 was 28.6% (4/18), it was significantly lower than that in group 2(56.3%, 9/16)and control group (65.0%, 13/20) (P=0.023). The AI was 14.39±9.49 in group 1 and 14.11±9.68 in group 2; which was significantly higher than that in group 3 ( 6.88±7.37). AI was significantly lower in the patients with PD-ECGF positive expression (8.12±5.19) than that in negative PD-ECGF expression(14.69±11.23)(F=7.409, P=0.009). Followed-up was available in 50 cases by the end of 2006. The 1-,2-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 78.0%, 58.8%, 48.7%, 48.7% respectively. The 1-,2-,3-,5-year survival rates in cases with PD-ECGF expression was 76.0%,56.0%,47.7%,47.7% respectively, those were lower than those with negative PD-ECGF expression(80.0%, 60.0%, 52.0%, 52.0%, P=0.674). [Conclusion] Preoperative oral 5′-DFUR administration may reduce rate of PD-ECGF expression in patients with gastric carcinoma. The patients with positive PD-ECGF expression have a tendency to poor prognosis.
Key words: stomach neoplasms; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; platelet-derived endothelial cell growth
factor; 5′-DFUR
脱氧氟尿苷(5′-DFUR,商品名:氟铁龙)是以肿瘤组织中血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子(platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor,PD-ECGF)为靶点,具有选择性抗肿瘤作用。本研究应用脱氧氟尿苷口服化疗为凋亡诱导剂,了解术前化疗对胃癌肿瘤组织PD-ECGF表达的影响,并探讨其临床病理学意义。
1 材料与方法
1.1 病例资料
术前经胃镜或病理活检确诊的恶性肿瘤,年龄≤70岁,卡氏评分>90分,可耐受化疗及手术,无重要脏器疾病的胃癌患者。按住院号先后采用抽签法分别入组。组1:氟铁龙800mg/d~1 200mg/d,3~5d;组2:5-Fu 0.5+ CF 200mg/d 静脉滴注,3~5d;组3:对照组。2001年10月~2003年2月,共入组60例,男性42例,女性18例。中位年龄57.5岁(32~70岁)。入组经术前处理后3例拒绝手术,2例肿瘤不能切除(单纯探查或短路手术),1例术后病理报告为非霍奇金病。余54例行姑息性切除或根治性切除。手术前后并发症发生率为7.4%(4/54),计脱氧氟尿苷组1例化疗后4天肿瘤穿孔急诊手术;CF+5-Fu组1例化疗后5d上消化道出血急诊手术,1例根治术后并发脑梗死;对照组1例术后并发下肢静脉血栓形成,溶栓过程中出现脑溢血。
三组54例,病人平均年龄、性别,外周血白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板等比较统计学差异无显著性。手术前后并发症发生率、手术方式以及肿瘤侵犯深度、淋巴结转移情况、有无远处转移及UICC分期比较统计学差异均无显著性。 1.2 检测方法
化疗结束后第1~2d行手术切除,标本采用免疫组化方法及TUNEL法检测凋亡指数。
PD-ECGF试剂盒为美国DAKO公司产品,购自上海长岛基因有限公司。免疫组化采用Envision工作程序[1]。细胞浆和细胞核呈现棕黄色染色反应为阳性细胞。显微镜观察计数5个以上高倍视野,不少于1 000个细胞,着色细胞数≥10%为表达阳性,<10%为阴性。
凋亡检测采用末端转移酶介导的dUPD-ECGF切口末端标记法(TdT-mediated dUPD-ECGF nick end labelling,TUNEL),凋亡检测试剂盒由德国Bochringer mannheim公司生产。按说明书操作。凋亡指数(AI)的判定以400倍高倍镜下计数1 000个肿瘤细胞中阳性细胞标记数,即:AI=TUNEL标记阳性肿瘤细胞数/肿瘤细胞数×100%。
1.3 统计学分析
统计学采用SPSS 8.0 for Windows 软件处理,统计比较应用χ2方检验及方差分析;总体生存时间以病人死亡为截止点。生存期统计采用Kaplain-Meier法,Log-rank时序检验比较生存期。以双侧α=0.05为显著性指标。
2 结 果
全组PD-ECGF阳性率为51.9%。其中早期胃癌PD-ECGF阳性率33%(3/9),低于进展期胃癌的51.1%(23/45),P=0.33。PD-ECGF表达率与手术方式(根治性或姑息性切除)、早期或进展期胃癌、肿瘤侵犯深度、淋巴结转移、有无远处转移及UICC分期无关,统计学差异均无显著性。见表1。
PD-ECGF表达率在氟铁龙术前化疗组(4/18,28.6%)明显低于CF+5-Fu组(9/16,56.3%)及对照组(13/20,65.0%),差异有显著性(χ2=7.542,P=0.023)。AI在氟铁龙术前化疗(14.39±9.49)和CF+5-Fu术前化疗组(14.11±9.68)均明显高于对照组(6.88±7.37),差异有显著性(F=4.409,P=0.017)。PD-ECGF阳性组中肿瘤细胞凋亡指数(8.12±5.19)明显低于阴性组(14.69±11.23),差异有显著性(F值=7.409,P值=0.009)。
随访截止至2006年12月31日,54例中50例获得随访(其中1例术后脑溢血,术后25个月健在)。其间共死亡25例,健在25例。总的1、2、3、5年生存率78.0%、58.8%、48.7%、48.7%。PD-ECGF阳性1、2、3、5年生存率分别为76.0%、56.0%、47.7%、47.7%;低于阴性组的80.0%、60.0%、52.0%、52.0%,但两组比较差异无显著性(χ2=0.177,P=0.674)。
3 讨 论
手术切除是目前胃癌治疗最有效的方法,然而术后5年生存率也仅为25%~60%。围手术期转移是复发的主要原因,术前化疗可抑制微转移。术前短程应用或许是一个较好的选择,文献报道术前短程化疗可诱导胃癌细胞凋亡[2,3],这种凋亡在PD-ECGF阴性病例中更加明显。Osaki等[4]发现PD-ECGF表达的增加与胃癌细胞凋亡减少相关。本组结果与其一致。Koizumi等[5]通过内镜活检胃癌组织,测定肿瘤组织PD-ECGF表达情况,发现PD-ECGF阳性肿瘤患者对化疗反应率为56.8%;而阴性病人为0,高表达PD-ECGF的胃癌化疗反应率为82.4%,支持化疗敏感性与PD-ECGF表达有关。
鉴于在许多实体肿瘤中,PD-ECGF水平均高于肿瘤周围的正常黏膜,这种差异性分布促使人们尝试以PD-ECGF作为导向化疗的靶分子。一方面,PD-ECGF能增加5-Fu和其他药物的化疗作用;干扰素等细胞因子能上调PD-ECGF表达水平,因而,通过检测肿瘤PD-ECGF水平可以预测化疗敏感性和联合使用细胞因子诱导PD-ECGF表达而增加化疗作用[6];另一方面,通过研制更有效的PD-ECGF抑制剂,抑制PD-ECGF活性而减少肿瘤血管生成,防止肿瘤浸润和转移[7]。氟铁龙能在肿瘤部位优先活化,其中PD-ECGF是代谢关键酶。Satoh B等[8]发现胃癌患者中服用氟铁龙1 200mg/d,连续7d,可以显著降低PD-ECGF活性和血清免疫抑制的酸性蛋白水平。本研究结果显示,术前3~5d氟铁龙口服,可下调PD-ECGF表达,并诱导胃癌细胞凋亡。因此,通过术前氟铁龙化疗下调PD-ECGF表达,将对胃癌术后转移的预防起一定的作用。其他文献也证实PD-ECGF水平与肿瘤转移相关的Ⅳ型胶原蛋白酶、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)具有明显的相关性[9,10]。值得指出,本组随访中共出现4例肝转移,其中3例为PD-ECGF阳性。提示PD-ECGF阳性具有肝转移复发倾向,但因本组病例数较少,我们将对此做进一步病例对照研究。
Konno等[11]回顾性研究116例胃癌病人,通过免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织中PD-ECGF及PCNA水平,多因素分析结果显示PI与PD-ECGF是胃癌独立的预后因素,PD-ECGF阳性者预后差。Kimura等[12]应用ELIZA方法检测263例胃癌肿瘤组织,结果表明肿瘤组织中PD-ECGF(98.4±62.5 U/mg)明显高于正常黏膜(46.5±27.8 U/mg)。同时,在Borrmann’Ⅱ和Ⅲ型、组织学分化较差、肿瘤侵犯浆膜及淋巴结转移病例明显升高,在PD-ECGF≥100 U/mg组,生存率明显低。提示胃癌PD-ECGF水平可提供一个有效的预后指标。本研究结果显示PD-ECGF阳性组生存曲线低于阴性组,但未显示出统计学差异,提示PD-ECGF与预后尚需进一步研究。
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