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《心血管病学》

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗对QT离散度的影响及意义

发表时间:2010-09-10  浏览次数:361次

  作者:劳国华,陈剑锋,董太明 作者单位:1.吴川市人民医院心内科 广东 吴川 524500;2.广东省心血管研究所,广东 广州 510000

  【摘要】目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者静脉溶栓治疗对QT 离散度的影响及意义。 方法: AMI发病6 h内静脉溶栓治疗的69例患者,按溶栓后冠脉有无再通分为再通组(45例)和未再通组(24例),测定溶栓前、溶栓后2 h和24 h的 QT离散度。结果:溶栓前两组AMI患者的QT离散度无显著性差异(P>0.05),溶栓后QT离散度再通组明显低于未通组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。Lown氏3级以上室性心律失常,溶栓前两组无显著性差异(P>0.05),溶栓后再通组显著低于未再通组(P<0.05)。 结论:AMI患者早期有效的溶栓治疗可缩短QT离散度、改善心肌电稳定性、减少恶性心律失常的发生;QT离散度具有预测恶性心律失常发生的价值。

  【关键词】 心肌梗死 血栓溶解疗法 心电描征术

  Influence of thrombolytic therapy on QT dispersion of acute myocardial infarction and its significance

  LAO Guohua, CHEN Jianfen, DONG Taiming

  1.Department of Cardiovasculogy, Wuchuan People's Hospital of Guangdong Province Wuchuan 524500, China;

  2.Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou 510080, China

  [ABSTRACT] Objective: To study the influence of thrombolytic therapy on QT dispersion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its significance. Methods: Sixtynine patients with AMI undergoing thrombolytic therapy in 6 hours were divided into trial group(n=45) and control group(n=24) according to the effects of therapy; the occluded arteries of patients in trial group were recanalized;the occluded arteries of patients in control group were not recanalized. QT dispersions were measured before and after thrombolysis in 2 hours and 24 hours. Results: There was no significant difference of the QT dispersions in the two groups before thrombolysis; there was significant difference of the QT dispersions in the two groups after the thrombolysis (P<0.05), the QT dispersions in trial group was markedly lower than that in control group. Of the incidence of grade 3 and above ventricular arrthythmia of Lown's, there was no significant difference in the two groups before thrombolysis (P>0.05); there was significant difference in the two groups after thrombolysis (P<0.05), which in trial group was markedly lower than that in control group. Conclusion: Effective early thrombolytic therapy for AMI may shorten the QT dispersions, improve the stability of cardiacelectricity, reduce severe arrhythmia. QT dispersion has value of predicting severe ventricular arrhythmia.

  [KEY WORDS] Acute myocardial infarction; Thrombolytic therapy; Electrocardiogram

  大规模、多中心研究表明[1],急性心肌梗死(AMI)的早期再灌注可以缩小梗死面积,改善AMI的预后。QT离散度(GTd)是指心电图各导联QT时限变异的程度,即心电图上最大QT间期(QTmax)与最小QT间期(QTmin)的差值。该概念由Campbell等[2]于1985年提出,是反映心室肌应激性恢复的重要指标。本文评价AMI早期有效的溶栓治疗对QT 离散度的影响及对预后的预测。

  1 资料与方法

  1.1 一般资料

  选择1997~2003年69例AMI符合溶栓治疗适应证又无禁忌症的患者,采用尿激酶(150万U)静脉溶栓,男性42例,女性27例。年龄31~75岁,M±S其中前壁27例,前间壁18例,下壁12例,后壁12例,所有患者均符合WHO诊断急性心肌梗死的诊断标准,均无心房颤动及心房扑动,无室内传导阻滞,无电解质紊乱及服用影响观察QT间期的药物。冠脉再通标准参考全国急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗参考方案的临床标准执行[3]。按溶栓后冠脉有无再通分为再通组和未再通组。

  1.2 方法

  所有病例均由同一心电图仪记录,纸速25 mm/s,均行常规12导联检查,必要时加做右室、 QT间期选择QRS波群第一波折起点至T波终点,排除QRS波起点和T波不清楚的导联,如发现U波,则从T波和U波间弧线的最低点为T波的终点。同一导联连续测定3个QT间期,取其平均值作为该导联的QT值,为了排除心率变化对QT值的影响,计算公式为:QTc[QTc=QT(RR)1/2], 将不同导联校正后最长QT值减最短QT值,即为QT离散度。分别在溶栓前、溶栓后2 h和24 h测定 QT离散度,并计算出校正后的QT离散度。

  1.3 统计学方法

  QT离散度的差异组间比较采用t检验,LOWN氏分级率的差异采用χ2检验。

  2 结果

  静脉溶栓前、后两组QT离散度改变无明显异常。溶栓后再通组QT离散度较未通组显著偏短(P<0.05),并有随时间延长,QT离散度逐渐缩短。见表1。溶栓前两组室性心律失常情况无显著性差异,溶栓后再通组室性心律失常显著减少,见表2。表1 再通组与未通组QT离散度的比较(略)表2 两组Lown氏分级3级以上室性心律失常情况(略)

  3 讨论

  文献报道[4],QTd与室性心律失常发生率呈正比关系,QTd值越大,室性心律失常发生率越高。QTd增大是AMI心律失常死亡的独立危险因素。

  AMI患者早期QTd显著增大的机制是由于局部心肌组织缺血坏死,可引起局部心肌电生理特性发生改变。缺血区域心肌细胞的复极化过程延缓,心肌各部复极化程度的不均匀性增大,在体表心电图上则可以看到QT离散度的增加[5]。本研究中观察到AMI的QT离散度明显增大,室性心律失常发生率也高,而且频发、多源、成对,RonT等高危室早多见,其中2例发生短阵室速,3例发生室颤。有报道[6]溶栓可缩短AMI的QT离散度。本组溶栓后再通组与未通组QTd存在显著性差异(P<0.05),再通组的QTd明显减少。而且再通组室性心律失常也明显减少,比较未通组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。证明AMI早期成功溶栓可减少QTd,从而减少室性心律失常的发生率。

  早期静脉溶栓治疗,尽快恢复心肌灌注对AMI患者的心肌电稳定性有良好的作用。QT离散度是简便、无创测量心室应激恢复程度的有效指标。动态观察AMI的QTd可预测室性心律失常甚至猝死,值得临床推广。

  【参考文献】

  1 Third International Study of Infarct Surrival Couaborative Group. ISIS 3: a randomized comparision of streptoknase vs tissue plasminogen activator vs an is treplase and aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone among 41229 cases of suspected acute myocardial infaction[J]. Lancet,1992,339:753.

  2 Campbell R W F, Gardiner P, Am os PA, et al. Measurement of the QT interval[J]. Eur Heart J,1985,6:8181.

  3 中华医学会心血管病分会.急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗参考方案[J].中华心血管病杂志,1991,19(2):137.

  4 Zareba LV, Moss AI, Lessie S, et al. dispersion of ventricular epolarization and arrhythmic Cardiac death in coronary disease[J]. Am J Cardiol,1994,74(6):550.

  5 VandelooA, A rendtsW, HoholoseSH. Variability of QT dispersion in measurements in the surfarce electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction and nomal gsubjects[J]. Am J Cardiol,1994,74(1):113118.

  6 杨宏宇,王秀艳,李丽,等.溶栓再灌注对AMI患者QT离散度的影响 [J].心血管康复医学杂志,1998,7(2):24.

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